Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediation effect of preschooler's effortful control between coparenting and oppositional defiant behavior problems and moderated mediation by sex. Methods: The subjects were 242 3-4-year-old preschoolers and their parents. Results: First, preschoolers' effortful control showed a mediation effect on the relationship between supportive and undermining coparenting and preschoolers' oppositional defiant behavior problems. Second, the mediation effect varies by sex. Specifically, the mediation effect on the relationship between undermining coparenting and preschoolers' oppositional defiant behavior problems were efficient in the case of boys.
Conclusions: Preschoolers' effortful control mediates the effect of coparenting on preschoolers' oppositional defiant behavior problems. The mediation effect of effortful control between supportive coparenting and oppositional defiant behavior problems are effective in boys and girls. The mediation effect of effortful control between undermining coparenting and oppositional defiant behavior problems are effective in boys.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the influences of university students' shame and difficulty in identifying feelings on anger. Also, the moderating effect of difficulty in identifying feelings on the relationship of university students' shame and anger was explored. Methods: A total of 296 university students participated in the shame, anger and difficulty in identifying feelings scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and the regressions via SPSS 22.0 and SPSS Process Macro. Results: University students' shame had an effect on the level of anger. In addition, difficulty in identifying feelings worsened the influence of university students' shame on anger. Conclusions: These findings indicate that university students' shame increases the level of anger. And difficulty in identifying feelings also plays a moderating role in the relationship between university students' shame and anger.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of career development competency on the relationship between user satisfaction of out-of-school youth support center and life satisfaction, Further, the study explores that optimism could be the moderated mediating effects on the relationship between user satisfaction of out-of-school youth support center and life satisfaction via career development competency. Methods: Participants were 97 out-of-school youth living in Busan. They completed questionnaires consisting of user satisfaction of out-of-school youth support center, career development competency, life satisfaction, and optimism. Results: The results indicated a significant partial mediating effect of career development competency on the relationship between user satisfaction of out-of-school youth support center and life satisfaction. Additionally, the moderating effects of optimism on the relationship between user satisfaction of out-of-school youth support center and career development competency were found to be significant. Finally, the moderated mediating effects of optimism on the relationship between user satisfaction of out-of-school youth support center and life satisfaction via career development competency were significant. Conclusions: These results showed that user satisfaction of out-of-school youth support center, career development competency and optimism is a protective factor. It is expected to be an important resource for training and education for out-of-school youth's life satisfaction

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between COVID-19 stress, depression, interpersonal problems, and social networking site (SNS) addiction tendency in college students. Methods: The participants were 500 college students using the scale of COVID-19 stress, depression, interpersonal problems, and SNS addiction tendency. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results: First, COVID-19 stress had no direct effect on SNS addiction tendency. Second, COVID-19 stress had a direct effect on college students' depression. Third, COVID-19 stress had a direct effect on SNS addiction tendency through depression of college students. Fourth, COVID-19 stress affected college students' SNS addiction tendency through depression and interpersonal problems. Conclusions: Through this study, it is possible to confirm the influence of individual internal factor depression and interpersonal relationship problems, which are external factors, in the path that COVID-19 stress affects depression and SNS addiction tendency of college students.

Objective: This study aims to develop a father-child physical activity program and to investigate the effectiveness of the program for improving preschoolers' self-regulation, fathers' playfulness, and parenting efficacy. Methods: The development of the father-child physical activity program was as follows. First, the purpose of the program was to improve the ability of preschoolers' self-regulation, fathers' playfulness, and parenting efficacy. Second, the contents of the program consisted of physical activities between the father and child using household goods and recycle materials. Third, on-line communication between childcare centers and families were carried out through the education of non-face-to-face methods. The father filmed and shared videos of the father and child playing at home. Results: First, the father- child physical activity program positively affected preschoolers' self-regulation abilities. Second, the program showed a positive effect on father's playfulness. Third, the program had a positive effect on the father's parenting efficacy. Conclusions: The father-child physical activity program is effective in improving preschoolers' self-regulation, fathers' playfulness, and parenting skills

Objective: Counselors who experience psychological burnout have difficulties developing and maintaining effective therapeutic relationships as a result of diminished empathy, respect, and positive feelings toward the client. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relationship between counselor's developmental status, mentalization, psychological burnout and the mediating effects of mentalization on the relationship between counselor's developmental status to alleviate psychological burnout. Methods: An online self-report survey was conducted on 177 children and adolescent counselors. Data were analyzed based on mediating effects between variables using SPSS Process Macro model 4. Results: First, the overall mentalizing competency completely mediated the relationship between counselor's developmental status and psychological burnout. Second, the reflection of the self and others and conviction about others' minds were not significantly correlated with counselor's developmental status and psychological burnout. However, failure of affect recognition and rigid thinking partially mediated the relationship between counselor's developmental status and psychological burnout. Conclusions: This study newly discovers the impact of mentalizing competency- a reflective function- in addition to counselor's developmental status in reducing counselors' psychological burnout. The mature mentalizing competency is cultivated by affect recognition and flexible thinking and it mitigates psychological burnout.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the moderated mediation effect of peer attachment through ego-resiliency in the influence of thoughts about the future on life satisfaction among out-of-school adolescents. Methods: 417 out-of-school adolescents from the Panel Survey of School Dropouts were used to analyze mediation and moderated mediation effects. All analyses were conducted through the SPSS PROCESS macro method. Results: First, the level of thoughts about the future was positively significantly associated with the level of life satisfaction. Second, the level of thoughts about the future increased the level of ego-resiliency and, in turn, increased the level of life satisfaction. Third, out-of-school adolescents' peer attachment moderated the mediation effect of ego-resiliency. That is, when the level of peer attachment increased, the influence of thoughts about the future on life satisfaction through ego-resiliency also increased. Conclusion: Based on the main results, diverse strategies to promote out-of-school adolescents' life satisfaction were discussed.