The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing the quality of life of middle-aged women and the mediating effect of family protection factor. For that, the data, obtained from 347 respondents in a survey of middle-aged women residing in Daegu and Gyeongbuk, which was conducted from November 22, to December 25, 2019, were analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that the quality of life was affected by the number of children, occupation, and financial condition among the general characteristics, while the factors influencing the quality of life was the perceptual and emotional intimacy, the sub- variable of marital intimacy. The family protection factor was found to be the partial mediating factor between marital intimacy and quality of life. In the verification of specific mediating effect, the fewer stress and adaptive evaluation, the sub-variables, were found to be the partial mediating factors. Those results suggested that the family-related factor affected the quality of life of middle-aged women significantly, and therefore, social welfare-based approach would be needed to induce formation of positive family relationship.

This study is based on the case of non-response items and response errors in 1,735 data of a total of 8,110 data from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 8th 1st year of the National Health and Nutrition Survey(2019). Excluding 1,504 cases, a secondary analysis was conducted and the following conclusions were obtained. First, the health-related quality of life according to the general characteristics of the elderly was found to be higher as male, lower the age, higher the education level, more the spouse, and lower total monthly household income. Second, it was found that the elderly's health-related quality of life due to chronic diseases was the highest in the case of no musculoskeletal diseases. Third, the factors affecting health-related quality of life were that lower the age, higher the education level, the higher total monthly household income and the absence of musculoskeletal disease and endocrine system disease, the higher health-related quality of life.

This paper makes an attempt to restore an prototype of diakonia through biblical authority, while inquiring into the reason for intrinsic duties of Korean protestant churches. This paper aims at providing a momentum by which we can reconsider the substantial status and role of Korean protestant churches. This era calls on Korean protestant churches for passing over quantitative growth toward qualitative maturity. For this, the epochal task that Korean protestant churches must take on their shoulder will be the restoration of diakonia as the practice of serving and sharing for neighbors in communities.

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of manual massage or electrical massage on functional constipation. For this, this study measured manual massage effects on bowel movement frequency, bowel movement time-duration and stress with comparisons to electrical massage outcomes. This study was random-controlled clinical trial using within group and between group of pre-to-post-test differences. Subjects were 13 college-aged males and 15 females. Participants with functional constipation were assigned to manual massage or electrical massage and received each treatments per-week for 4 weeks. Stress Response Inventory assessed psychological factors, and daily journals recorded bowel movement frequency and bowel movement time-duration. Results showed that stress improved significantly within manual massage and electrical massage but not between groups. Bowel movement frequency improved significantly within manual massage bowel movement time-duration increased significantly within all groups, but not between groups. There is a significant positive correlation between bowel movement time-duration and stress and a significant negative correlation between bowel movement time-duration and bowel movement Frequency and stress and bowel movement frequency. Based on the results of this study, manual massage and electrical massage was found effective for reducing functional constipation with functional constipation and stress.

From the perspective that it is important to develop basic leadership skills as a systematic and balanced technology in infancy, this study attempted to predict whether mother parenting behavior affects infant leadership and whether infant self-control is a mediating factor. To this end, data were collected from September 16 to September 27, 2019 from three infant institutions located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk, and 309 people were used for analysis. As a result of the analysis, general characteristics such as age, cohabitation family, job, and life satisfaction were predicted as factors influencing early childhood leadership, while warmth, encouragement, over-protection, permission, rejection, and neglect, which are sub-variables of parenting behavior also have influences. As a result of verifying the mediating effect of infant self-control, it was predicted as a complete mediating effect between mother parenting behavior and infant leadership. Specifically, as a result of the verification by inputting sub-variables of infant self-control, infant behavior suppression and infant emotion were partially mediated. These results show that infant leadership is improved when a mother performs positive parenting behavior such as encouragement to a child, and that increasing the self-control of the infant can further improve infant leadership.