This paper examines the syntax of bare nouns in the aspectual domain with respect to event telicity by investigating the properties of bare nouns in Mandarin and Korean. These languages are considered as bare noun languages, but the syntax of bare nouns in the aspectual context has not been explained. The paper shows that unlike English in these languages a specified quantity meaning of a bare noun object does not play a major role in determining event telicity. It is further shown that bare nouns in these languages do not share the same aspectual structure despite their similar semantics. The paper proposes that the quantity meaning of a bare noun is grammatically represented in Korean as NumP, but not in Mandarin. The consequence of this paper supports the current view in which bare nouns are not structurally so bare. It also provides a novel account for the aspectual differences of bare nouns in these languages, which has not been previously discussed.

This study examines the there-existential construction in research articles written by native and non-native English scholars in the disciplines of applied linguistics and engineering. A corpus analysis was conducted focusing on the overall frequency, distribution patterns across the article subsections, the structure of the logical subject, and pragma-discourse functions. The results showed clear differences between the soft and hard sciences, with the former exhibiting a higher token frequency and more complex logical subjects. The native and non-native texts were also distinct; the native scholars produced fewer tokens but more complex logical subjects. The results support the role of academic disciplines and English proficiency in the utilization of the there-construction. The results also point to the relevance of linguistic issues in research publication.

First & second-personal pronouns in Korean and Chinese include language customs and socio-cultural elements from both Korea and China, and the equivalent relationship is realized only under limited conditions depending on the situation and context. Therefore, translating the first & second-personal pronouns is so important for translators. It is also a widely known fact that the use patterns of personal pronouns differ depending on the sort of text. The translator should consider the type of text and ensure it is accepted by target readers. This study considers political speech as a kind of text, and examines how first & second-personal pronouns are used differently in political speech. Accordingly, this study will focus on discuss the Chinese-Korean translation methods of first & second-personal pronouns in political speech that meet Korean norms.

This study investigates anger expressions derived from motion verbs fly, go, and jump. To shed new light on motion elements that have not been highlighted earlier, effort components that describe the qualitative aspect of movement and express a person's inner attitude toward movement in LMA(Laban Movement Analysis) are used. The following issues are discussed. First, three verbs share the characteristic of sudden/fast movement in their basic meanings and this evokes the meaning extension such as sudden and unexpected changes. Second, three verbs are often used with prepositional phrases including information about direct attention to the destinations. Lastly, strong motions that require more body energy with intention are associated with anger expressions. An alternative viewpoint trying to understand anger emotion in active approach motivational system is also proposed.

This study examines the birth and evolution of language from the perspectives of philosophy in the Age of Enlightenment, modern linguistics, and neuroscience. Focusing on Rousseau's view and combining the perspectives of 18th-century philosophy and modern linguistics, one can presume that human language has evolved into a complex system through three stages: The first stage is the emergence of "sensory-based gesture language" shared by all animals with sense. The second is “emotion-based early voice language”, associated with the nature of mammals going through conception and lactation. Finally, the third is the inception of “reason-based late voice language” by logical operation and information processing. From the perspective of neuroscience, the origins of the three types of languages are related to the basal ganglia and cerebellum involved in sensory movements, the limbic system involved in emotion and memory, and the cerebral cortex, respectively.

This work aims to revisit universals and typology of vowel systems in natural language. In general, the universals of a vowel system are evaluated by four criteria: the size of the vowel inventory of the language, the nature of constitutional entities of the vowel system, the phonetic features of the vowels, and the distribution of vowels in the vowel space. However, there are languages that are evaluated more correctly when other standards are applied. In this paper, we considered some examples of such languages. Furthermore, in terms of vowel typology, there are vowel systems that cannot be properly approached with a standard view. How to analyze such vowel systems is also discussed. In addition, we discussed the vowel space from a new perspective.