This study set externally emotional labor and inner emotional labor antecedents of emotional labor, and the stress of physical stress and psychological stress and how it affects the outcome variables of influence, and finally on turnover intention was to measure customer orientation. Such research is conducted to derive more substantial implications for human resource management and operation of the hotel industry, largely effective training of hotel staff and perform emotional labor. Therefore, the progress of the study was carried out with the following method and range. The antecedents of emotional labor through Literature Review on the labor theory of emotion were selected externally inner emotional labor and emotional labor. Parameters were selected to physical stress and psychological stress of the stress and the degree of customer orientation and turnover chosen as outcome variables. The suitability of the proposed model was confirmed using the structural equation model. The suitability of the model was generally recognized and the research hypothesis was verified based on the suitability of the proposed model.

This study aims to propose reasonable and effective management plan for human resources in order to achieve sustainable growth in hotel industry by conducting an empirical study on how work engagement is affected by self-efficacy and job crafting. In order to achieve such goal the study first established theoretical system based on precedent studies whose conducted in Korea and abroad whose design is related to the purpose of this study and then proposed a hypothesis and research model based on the established system. The empirical study for hypothesis and research model testing was conducted by distributing 400 copies of survey to employees working in 5-star hotels located within the city of Seoul for 31 days between March 1st of 2020 to 31st of the same month. Response from 341 individuals were used as base data for final empirical analysis. Regarding verification of hypothesis, first, self-efficacy in hotel employees shows significantly positive (+) effects on job crafting. Secondly, the self-efficacy of hotel employees shows significantly positive (+) effects on work commitment. Third, job crafting in hotel employees shows significantly positive (+) effects on work engagement.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status of the hotel industry due to COVID-19 and changes and propose future strategies for the survival of hotels. By examining the current state of the hotel industry due to COVID-19 and conducting in-depth interviews with experts in the hotel industry and academia. At first, The hotel company's response strategy for corona virus crisis and the current state of government support. Second, By listening to and analyzing opinions on the direction of change in the hotel industry in the post-corona era. We intend to present implications for resolving the immediate crisis of the hotel industry and long-term development plans. Existing studies have suggested implications for the overall change in the tourism industry in the post-corona era, but this study focuses on changes in the market, changes in expectations for hygiene and cleanliness, changes in technology changes in products changes in manpower management etc. Implications were presented for changes in all of the hotel industry. In order to achieve the research purpose an individual in-depth interview “one of the qualitative research methods” was used. Implications for the hotel change in the post-corona era include realization of a differentiated concept that pre-emptively reflects the needs of various customers, financial preparation for crisis, innovation in manpower management, pre-emptive introduction of ICT technology, and hygiene and cleanliness. It was found that a strategy and promotion such as continuous interest and investment are necessary.

This article introduces P-TECH(Pathways in Technical Education, oriented Convergent High-Technology) program and how to utilize effectively in hotel industry. It covers an overall review of the P-TECH from its background, purpose and current development status. Also this article tries to find out how to utilize effectively P-TECH when dealing with practical issues. In order to achieve the purpose of the article, carefully selected focus group interview has been conducted with three experts from the hotel operation fields and three professors who have participated in P-TECH program as a teacher and NCS(National Competency Standards) development. Based on an analysis of the interview, creating new NCS modules with high tech related, strengthening the linkages between apprentice school and P-TECH program, finding excellent companies with decent knowledge of P-TECH, motivating and encouraging current students have been suggested as some practical ideas for more effective utilization of P-TECH.

The purpose of this study was to derive the empirical value factors of the festival, to find out the effects of the derived empirical value factors on place attachment, regional image, and support, and to presented theoretical and practical implications for revitalizing the coffee festival. The survey was conducted on users who participated in the 2019 Gangneung Coffee Festival from October 3 to October 6, 2019. Structured questionnaires were distributed and asked to respond to the survey in a self-administered method. A total of 530 questionnaires were distributed and 500 were finally used as valid samples, excluding insincere and inconsistent responses. The research results are as follows. Firstly, the empirical value of the coffee festival was extracted into four factors (playfulness, aesthetics, efficiency, and readiness). Secondly, in the relationship of empirical value on place attachment, playfulness, aesthetics, efficiency, and readiness all had a positive (+) effect. Thirdly, in the relationship of empirical value on regional image, aesthetics, efficiency, and readiness presented positive effects while playfulness showed negative effect. Fourthly the festival's attachment to the place showed a positive (+) effect on the relationship between the empirical value and support. In the conclusion, theoretical and practical implications were presented.

Metaverse is drawing attention due to the spread of non-face-to-face trends as a result of the recent COVID-19 pandemic (global pandemic) and the development of information and communication technology following the commercialization of 5G. Although metaverse is emerging as a new management topic in the tourism field, academic research on it is not actively conducted. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the metaverse type and to derive its core characteristics. In addition, the development trends and related technologies by type of metaverse are reviewed, and utilization methods according to the characteristics of the tourism industry are explored through various examples. The implications of this study will be helpful in establishing the usage direction of the metaverse in the tourism industry.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of food tourism satisfaction and revisit intention according to the lifestyle of food tourists. As doing so, this is to provide guideline that can revitalize food tourism. The findings are as follows. First, Lifestyle was showed with five factors: 'various encounters', 'healthy food', 'restaurant tour', 'discount food purchase', and 'responsibility'. Second, among the lifestyle factors, 'restaurant tour', 'discounted food purchase', and 'responsibility' were found to have a significant effect on satisfaction with food tourism. But 'various encounters' and 'healthy food' did not have a significant effect on satisfaction. Therefore, hypothesis 1 was partially accepted. Third, satisfaction with food tourism was found to have a significant effect on revisit intention. Therefore, hypothesis 2 was accepted. As a practical implication, first, it is necessary to actively promote local cuisine by strengthening SNS, blog, YouTube, Facebook, etc., which are various communication means of young people. Second, for tourists, local food not only plays an important role in understanding local culture and environment, but is also being transformed into a specialized tourism resource for the region. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate the motivation of tourists through emotional publicity that allows them to experience the unique characteristics of the region.

The education system has undergone significant changes due to COVID-19. The unprecedented online school opening has been implemented. Attendance classes and online classes are repetitively still took place in elementary, middle, and high schools. In addition, universities continue to provide education through online courses. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of online course quality on course commitment and satisfaction, and the effect of class commitment and satisfaction on course of university students majoring in tourism taking online courses. The quality of online courses was established based on previous research, instructors, contents, and system factors. The subject of the study was conducted from December 1st to December 16th, 2020 using an online Google questionnaire based on a survey of university students majoring in tourism attending three two-year colleges in Gyeonggi-do. A total of 155 copies were used for the final analysis, and the SPSS 23.0 statistical package was utilized for empirical analysis based on the survey results. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was discovered that online course query instructor, content, and system factors all had a positive (+) effect on online learning flow. Second, it was discovered that all of the instructor, content, and system factors of online course query had a positive (+) effect on online learning satisfaction. Third, it was discovered that online course flow has a positive (+) effect on online course satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between Chinese smartphone tourism application quality and the behavior intention. A survey was conducted for users who had experience using smartphone tourism applications, and 239 available questionnaires were responded. The processes of the analysis are divided into 3steps and the corresponding results are as follows: Firstly, three parameters (i.e. information quality, system quality, and review quality) in smartphone tourism application quality have significant but different effects on the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use, respectively. Subsequently, the perceived usefulness has an more influence on attitude of use than that of the perceived ease of use. Finally, the attitude of use has an impressive impact on the behavior intention. Therefore, by grasping their needs, we will present ways and strategies to attract consumers.

The purpose of this study was to provide the development implications of Seongnam city's representative festival through the analysis of successful cases of representative festivals in domestic and overseas with the functional perspective. This study explored a pure function of the city's representative festival, and discussed the regional and environmental characteristics of Seongnam city. In addition, the current festival status and problems being held in Seongnam city were analyzed. As a research method, this study employed a qualitative approach using a multiple-case/holistic design that analyzes cases by similar conditions such as domestic and overseas representative festivals in overall units by a purposive case selection. Based on this method, this study analyzed a total of six domestic and overseas cases by selecting recurring festivals, which have been periodically held in downtown and urban area and were judged to have historical value and active cultural interactions. Given the findings, this study discussed strategic insights for the development of Seongnam city's representative festival. Further suggestions for future studies were discussed.