Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the nature of the experience of adolescent unmarried mothers. Methods: For this purpose, we interviewed seven adolescent unmarried mothers and analyzed the collected data using the psychological phenomenological method. Results: As a result, three categories, nine topics, and twenty-seven meaning units emerged. The three theme categories are as follows: (1) the crisis and change of pregnancy and childbirth, (2) use of social support networks, and (3) career development in adulthood that has entered unexpectedly. This study suggests that the meaning of parenthood for adolescent unmarried mothers is derived by examining the difficulties experienced in rearing their children and the process of overcoming difficulties. Conclusions: The results of this study provide academic data for the development of intervention programs for adolescent unmarried mothers.

Objective: The study examines the impact of parental abuse and cyber-violence on adolescents' human rights and verifies the mediating effects of stress. Methods: This study utilized secondary data from KSYC-Rights and the subjects of this were a total of 7,421 adolescents. For data analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and structural model analysis were conducted. Results: first, parental abuse had an impact on adolescents' consciousness of human rights. Second, cyber-violence had an impact on adolescents' consciousness of human rights. Third, stress plays a mediating role in parental abuse and cyber-violence influencing human rights consciousness. Conclusions: Consequently, this study suggested practical and policy implications to increase adolescents' human rights consciousness.

Objective: This study aimed to verify the validity of the acculturative stress scale for multicultural adolescents. Due to limitations of the existing methodologies, the item response theory was used for verifying the suitability of fit and the level of difficulty of each item and determining the appropriateness of the number of item categories. Methods: A total of 1,224 individuals were analyzed with the 6th wave data from the Multicultural Adolescent Panel Study (MAPS). Results: As a result of analysis, it was found that item difficulty and the person ability were unbalanced. A 4-point Likert scale was appropriate for the acculturative stress scale. In addition, there were the items that distinguished male multicultural adolescents from female ones, and reliability did not meet the criteria. Conclusions: It was found that adjustment of the overall level of difficulty was required for the items in this scale. Therefore, some of the items need to be revised.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among positive parenting, self-esteem, cooperation, peer relationships and the happiness of children. Methods: The research subjects were 2,607 (boys: 1,313 (50.4%), girls: 1,294 (49.6%)) 4th grade children of the KCYPS 2018 panel undertaken by the National Youth Policy Institute. Participants completed self-reporting questionnaires designed to assess positive parenting, self-esteem, cooperation, peer relationships and the happiness of children. Data were analyzed the mediating effect between variables using SPSS Process Macro model 6. Results: First, each self-esteem, cooperation, and peer relationships mediated the relationship between positive parenting and children's happiness. Secondly, the dual mediation effect of self-esteem, cooperation, and peer relationships was significant. Thirdly, there was a sequentially triple meditation effect among self-esteem, cooperation and peer relationship. This means that the more positive the parenting, the more children will have a higher level of self-esteem, which again leads to cooperation, improving peer relationships and increasing happiness. Conclusions: On the basis of the results of this study, implications on case conceptualization and intervention strategy with a focus on positive parenting and the happiness of children and future research are discussed.

Objective: This study examined the identity of Korean-Chinese adolescents with migrant backgrounds living in South Korea. Methods: To achieve this goal, data was collected through in-depth interviews of four Korean-Chinese adolescents with migrant backgrounds and analyzed using a case study research method. Results: The analysis showed that soon after migration, Korean-Chinese adolescents experienced difficulties and conflicts in language, academic and career choices, peer relations. Second, parents, peers, and teachers were included as contextual factors that influence the formation of an adolescent's identity. Third, bilingualism, nationality, and attitude toward their backgrounds emerged as important identity-related issues. Finally, the participants identified themselves as closer to Koreans or Korean-Chinese, and the more they adapted to Korean society, the more they perceived themselves as being closer to Koreans from Korean-Chinese. Conclusions: Based on these findings, practical and policy guidelines to be considered for supporting Korean-Chinese adolescents with migrant backgrounds are proposed.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preschooler temperament, maternal parenting behaviors, preschooler executive function, and peer competence. Methods: A survey was conducted on 378 children aged 3-5 years old and their mothers who were enrolled in 7 daycare centers and kindergartens. The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program and the AMOS 22.0 program. Results: The main results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the direct influence of preschooler's temperament on peer competence was found to be significant. Second, preschooler's temperament did not significantly affect peer competence through maternal parenting behaviors. Third, a preschooler's temperament was found to have a significant effect on peer competence through a preschooler's executive function. Fourth, preschooler's temperament was found to have a significant effect on peer competence sequentially through maternal parenting behaviors and the preschooler's executive function. Conclusions: It was confirmed that not only maternal parenting behaviors but also a preschooler's executive function play an important role in the relationship between a preschooler's temperament and peer competence.