In this study, I established the meaning of juvenile novel with the consideration of the reception-aesthetic point of view and literary factors after I found that juvenile novel had not been seriously studied and felt that the problem of understanding juvenile novel is to focus only on 'growth’. I also studied how juvenile novel in modern age of Korea was formed as well as the background of the formation of teenagers. As the concept of juvenile novel are established assuming that who are readers, juvenile novel in a narrow sense are created only for teenagers. However, the problem of writers and readers is not an essential fact when the concept of juvenile novel are established. The essential standard of juvenile novel is that whether a work has elements which are suitable for teenagers or not. With the standard, the materials and subject of juvenile novels are the interests and life of adolescence and thus teenagers can understand. When Korea was under the rule of Japanese imperialism, juvenile novels could be created and spread by juvenile magazines which were originated from juvenile movement. As juvenile parties were organized and juvenile movement became active in all over Korea, juvenile parties published literary magazines for the development of their knowledge and emotion. A representative one is “Juvenile” which was first published mainly by the juvenile party of the Cheongdogyo. Their target of readers was wide from preschool children to 16-year-old teenagers, the real class of readers were teenagers whose age was from l6 to 18. As teenagers who can read through the crusade against illiteracy by school education and night study were formed, juvenile movement became active and juvenile magazines became popular among the members of juvenile parties, which led to the formation of juvenile readers followed by the creation of juvenile novels which dealt with their real life. Everything changes according to the changes of an age and society. Especially children or teenagers changes according to the personal and social development and are sensitive to the changes of an age and society. Therefore, we should always newly study and establish literature for them without following the past one.