The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Adult Children of Alcoholics(ACOA) Status on self-differentiation and partner alcoholism among married women. We also investigated whether self-differentiation mediates the association between ACOA status and partner alcoholism. For these study questions, a purposive convenient survey was conducted targeting 146 married women aged over 25 including non-ACOA group(n=104) and the ACOA group(n=42) from eleven self-help groups for families of alcoholics in the Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungcheong, and Gyeongsang areas.
The major findings of this study are as follows: The ACOA Status of married women who participated in this study was negatively associated with their level of self-differentiation, while positively related with level of alcohol dependence of their partners, after the duration of marriage was controlled. The 3-step hierarchical regression analyses revealed that married women's self-differentiation fully mediated the relationship between ACOA Status and the alcohol dependence of partners. It could thus be inferred that the ACOA Status of married women in their family of origin lowered their level of self-differentiation, which in turn made them select a spouse with higher levels of alcohol dependence.

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of depression on the relationship between parent-child negative communication patterns and adolescents' smartphone addiction and suggest social welfare intervention methods for adolescents. In order to achieve the purpose, The survey targeted 1,911 middle and high school students. Frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were utilized and data were analyzed with SPSS 23.0.
As a result of the survey, the following conclusions were drawn. First, 70.6 percent of adolescents were found to be at risk of smartphone addiction. Second, 4.8% of high risk addiction group was identified and showed the highest mean of Parent-Child Negative Communication and depression among the groups Third, parent-child negative communication patterns were positively related to smartphone addiction. Lastly, depression, which is a mediate variable, has a partial mediate effect on the model. Based on these outcomes, we suggest the importance and necessity of improved approaches to family relationships and depression among adolescents as a way to reduce smartphone addiction and propose a social work-based intervention program for additional assistance.

The purpose of this study is to examine the actor-partner effect of gender role attitudes of pregnant couples on the marital quality through work-family conflict. The subjects of the study were 274 couples(548 total) who were currently employed in the pregnant couple. The data were analyzed by APIM analysis through structural equation modeling.
The results of the study are as follows. First, in the effect of gender role attitude on the marital quality, only the actor-effect of both wife and husband was significant. Second, the effect of gender role attitude on work-family conflict was significant in both wife and husband's actor-effect, and wife's gender role attitude's partner effect. Third, in the effect of work-family conflict on the marital quality, only the actor-effect of both wife and husband was significant. Fourth, the effect of gender role attitude on the marital quality through the work-family conflict was significant in the actor-effect of both wife and husband. Based on the results of this study, Improvement of marital quality were suggested by reducing work-family conflict through gender role attitude.

Single-person households have become the dominant type of household in South Korea, while research and polices aimed at single-person households have been somewhat scarce, one focusing on females, one of the vulnerable groups in Korea society, have been even less common. The purpose of this study is to build our knowledge and understanding of the female single-person households in Gyeonggi province, which may serve as the base of policy development tailored for female single-person households. The current study utilized nationally representative data including Population and Housing Census, Korea Welfare Panel Study, and Social Survey. Chi-square and t-test in addition to the descriptive analyses were conducted in order to see whether there were differences between male and female single-person households.
Findings of the present study from the secondary data analyses using government statistical sources are as follows: (1) female single-person households were more vulnerable to violence and felt less safe, (2) they showed lower levels of income and education, (3) they lived in lower-quality housing, (4) they were more likely to have physical and mental health problems, and (5) they were less likely to engage in social participation and more likely to have a narrow social network. These findings highlight the need to implement social policies for female single-person households in Gyeonggi province. Detailed policy recommendations for improving female single-person households' quality of life are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of covert narcissism on the relationship between perceived parenting attitude and interpersonal problems. Participants in this study was 434 university students located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The measurement scales used were PBI, CNS, and IIP. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 statistical program.
The results are as follows: First, Parents care had significant negative effects on the Interpersonal Problems. Otherwise, Parents overprotection had significant positive effects on the Interpersonal Problems. Second, Parents care had significant negative effects on the Covert Narcissism. Otherwise, Parents overprotection had significant positive effects on the Covert Narcissism. Third, Exploit/ Self-centeredness, Hypersensitivity/ Vulnerability and Timid/ Lack of confidence had significant positive effects on the Covert Narcissism. Fourth, Covert narcissism had partial mediating effects between the parents care and interpersonal problems. Also, Covert narcissism had partial mediating effects between the parents overprotection and interpersonal problems. In conclusion, this study confirmed the mediating effects of covert narcissism on the relationship between Perceived Parenting Attitude and interpersonal problems. Furthermore, this study confirmed the significance of Perceived Parenting Attitude and covert narcissism to explain interpersonal problems.

This research aim to identify the effect of social capital on the self-efficacy of women participating in child care work, to increase the employment of middle-aged and older women with career breaks, and to contribute to resolving the problem of the low birth rate by alleviating the child care burden on parents. Subjects consisted of 270 women whose aged 30 and over. The statistics used for data analysis were reliability, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one way ANOVA and multiple regression.
The results of this study are as follows; 1) The degree of women's social capital was 92.06 and self-efficacy was 44.83; the results were higher than the median. 2) Women's social capital levels were significantly different according to education, health state, and economic state. And self-efficacy levels were associated with age, education, economic state, and social capital. 3) There was a positive correlation between social capital and self-efficacy levels. 4) The variables that affect the women's self-efficacy level were social capital, education, religion, and age, which explained about 29% of the total variance. These research results showed that the social capital of women participating in child care work has a great influence on increasing their self-efficacy.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of education and school-work factors of schooled children on the parenting stress of parents who have schooled children. This study used data related to child education and school-work factors and the results of parenting stress measurement from the 6th year (2013) and the 8th year (2015) of the Parental Study of Korean Children (PSKC) for analysis. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and regression analysis using SAS 9.4.
The results are as follows: First, the parenting stress of mothers is lower when a child's birth order is 3rd or later compared to the very first child. In addition, stress levels decrease as family monthly income rises, as a child's school adjustment increases and as the mother's satisfaction with the school and afterschool activities increases. On the other hand, the parenting stress of mothers is higher as the financial burden of afterschool activities increases. Second, the father's parenting stress is lower when they are employed and the family monthly income is higher. On the other hand, when the mother has a job, the father's child rearing value is higher and the financial burden of afterschool activities is higher leading to increased parenting stress for fathers. This study found that family monthly income and the financial burden of afterschool activities factors have a common effect on both the mother's and father's parenting stress. Education and academic factors affect the mother's parenting stress. Employment and economic factors affect the father's parenting stress.