급속한 디지털 전환과 데이터 경제의 발전은 경제적·사회적으로 막대한 부가가치의 창출이라는 순기능과 함께 데이터·정보의 오남용과 침해에 따른 역기능도 함께 발생시키고 있다. 본 논문에서는 데이터·정보의 활용 활성화에 있어서 순기능의 극대화와 역기능의 최소화라는 상충하는 정책목표 사이에서 어떠한 규제수단을 활용하는 것이 가장 적절한지를 다양한 유형의 데이터·정보와 관련 활동에 대한 편익-위험평가를 통해 제시하였다. 전문가 조사를 바탕으로 수행된 편익-위험평가 결과 현행 투입규제 중심의 환경을 성과규제와 시장유인규제 중심으로 전환할 필요성이 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 피규제자가 최대의 편익 실현을 위해 노력하면서도 위험을 효과적으로 통제할 수 있는 자율성·융통성의 확보와 함께 데이터·정보 관련 시장발전과 국민 사생활 보호의 동시 달성이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

While the data-driven economy is creating enormous economic and social added value, it also brings about dysfunctions due to the abuse of information and data. This study investigates what regulatory measures are most appropriate to employ as a midpoint between conflicting policy goals of maximizing benefits and minimizing risks in promoting the use of information and data. Through benefit-risk assessment for various types of information and data and its related activities, it was confirmed that there is a need to shift the current input-oriented regulatory environment to a performance and market incentive-based regulatory environment. By shifting the environment, the regulated will be able to secure autonomy and flexibility to effectively control risks while striving to realize maximum benefits. It will also simultaneously develop markets for data and information, as well as the protection of privacy.

인류사회의 지속가능한 발전을 위해 투자자들은 기업 경영 전반에 환경(E), 사회(S), 거버넌스 (G)이슈 관리 및 개선을 요구하게 되었다. 이런 기조에서 금융업은 ESG경영의 핵심 위치에 있어 이들의 ESG 경영이 더욱 조명을 받고 있다. 그 이유는 금융 기업은 자사의 ESG 수준 제고 활동과 더불어 투자자와 기업들에게 ESG 정보를 제공하여 ESG 활동을 제고하는 양면적 역할을 하기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 은행, 보험, 증권 별 ESG 활동이 우수한 2개 기업을 선정 후 이들의 ESG 경영보고서를 대상으로 텍스트 마이닝(Text mining) 분석과 이를 바탕으로 의미연결망 분석(Semantic network analysis)을 수행하였다. 공통적으로 강조된 단어는 '리스크 관리', '서비스 제공', '임직원 대상'이었다. 또한, 세부 업종별 상이한 경영목적과 전략 등의 차이에 따라 강조되는 단어와 네트워크 그래프의 중심성이 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 향후 금융업의 ESG 경영 활동의 방향성과 정부에게 주는 시사점을 논의하였다.

For the sustainable development of human society, investors have come to demand the management and improvement of environmental, social, and governance issues throughout corporate management. In this stance, the financial industry is in a key position in ESG management, and their ESG management is drawing more attention. Because financial companies play a two-sided role in enhancing ESG activities by providing ESG information to investors and companies along with their ESG level improvement activities. In this study, two companies with excellent ESG activities by banks, insurance, and securities were selected and then text mining analysis and semantic network analysis were performed on their ESG management reports. The commonly emphasized words were 'risk management', 'service provision', and 'for employees'. In addition, it was found that the centrality of the emphasized word and network graph appeared differently according to the differences in different management purposes and strategies for each detailed industry. Based on these results, we discussed directions and implications of ESG management activities in the future financial business and government.

2018년 누구도 배제하지 않는 포용적 민주주의를 실현할 성숙한 민주시민 양성이라는 국정과제를 시작으로 평생학습에 대한 수요는 지속적으로 증가하는 추세이지만, 실제로 자치단체 차원에서 어떻게 시민들에게 평생교육 환경을 제공하고 교육과정을 이끌어 나가야 하는지에 대한 방향성은 여전히 혼재한 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 경상북도 도민행복대학 사례를 다각적으로 분석함으로써 지역의 평생학습 정책의 실효성 및 지속가능성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 해당 사업은 광역과 기초자치단체 간 협력체계를 기반으로, 경상북도가 정책 전반의 방향을 설정하고 도내 기초자치단체들이 각자의 프로그램 운영 등에 대한 사항을 독립적으로 결정하고 추진하는 방식이다. 평생학습에 대한 수요의 지속적인 증가에도 불구하고 관련 정책의 지속가능성 확보를 위한 실질적인 방안이 부재한 실정을 고려하여, 본 연구에서는 향후 지방자치단체가 설정해야 할 정책 방향과 세부 전략을 제시하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 혼합연구방법을 채택하여 설문조사 및 심층 면접을 기반으로 현황, 인식 및 수요를 단계적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 지역 및 운영, 제도 및 지원, 교육, 거버넌스 측면에서 도출된 해당 정책의 문제점을 확인하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 지역 특성 및 수요 반영, 조례, 발전계획 및 가이드라인 마련, 교육과정 및 협업체계 개선 등과 관련한 실무적 차원의 대안을 제시하였다.

Despite the ever-increasing demand for lifelong learning, local governments are still unable to address the following challenges: How can the lifelong education environment be improved, and how should the curriculum be organized and operated? This study aims to present specific measures for improving the effectiveness and sustainability of regional lifelong learning policies by analyzing the case of Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea, in multiple ways. The provincial happiness university is based on a cooperative system between upper-and lower-level local governments, in which Gyeongsangbuk-do government sets the overall direction of policies, and lower-level local governments in the province independently create and promote their own programs. Given the lack of practical measures to ensure the sustainability of lifelong learning policies, this study attempts to present policy directions and detailed strategies for local governments' future policies. Specifically, it adopts a mixed research method and analyzes the current status, perception, and demand regarding the case on a step-by-step basis using surveys and focus group interviews (FGI). The analyses identify policy problems derived in terms of region and operation, system and support, education, and governance. Finally, in light of the results, we suggest practical alternatives to reflect regional characteristics and demand; prepare ordinances, development plans, and guidelines; and improve the curriculum and the cooperative system.

Recent administrations in Korea have greatly emphasized the importance of decentralization and autonomous local governments. However, numerous efforts on decentralization have not been accompanied by adequate level of fiscal decentralization. Some critiques have long claimed that local governments are not equipped with enough financial independence or autonomy to deliver preferred services. Some others have challenged this claim, accusing local governments on potential waste of financial resources and local administration capacities, with no significant improvement in public service performance.
This research analyzes fiscal decentralization in terms of taxation and expenditure. It empirically investigates whether decentralized taxation and decentralized expenditure affect public service performance in Korean local governments. Based on an assortment of data on local government finance and public service performance, the analysis shows that decentralized taxation and decentralized expenditure have positive effects on a local government performance when either one of them was included in the model. In contrast, in the research model that included both variables, the effect of decentralized taxation on the government performance was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the positive effect of decentralized expenditure was statistically significant. Results show that decentralized expenditure does not necessarily hinder local government performance, contrary to many concerns.
It is advised that administrations in Korea emphasize decentralized expenditure more than decentralized taxation. Decentralized expenditure does not hinder local government performance, and thus the government should continue to promote it to resolve imbalances across local governments.

Despite the need for culturally-grounded public sector management practices, only a few studies have empirically investigated the compatibility between HRM practices and national culture. This study used fsQCA to investigate 'bundles' of HRM practices (recruitment, appraisal, and compensation) and Hofstede's original four dimensions of national culture as antecedent conditions for government effectiveness in 30 OECD countries. We found that performance-based appraisal, compensation and informal recruitment form a causal relationship with high individualism and low uncertainty avoidance for stronger government effectiveness. The results imply that local national culture is an important context for the transferability of public management practices.

Existing studies see foreign donors as (a) brokers between sustainable development goals (SDGs) and aid-recipient countries' needs, or (b) intruders into aid-recipient countries' internal affairs. The intruder view has triggered regulations of NGOs (nongovernmental organizations) in aid-recipient countries. However, little is known, empirically, about how foreign donors respond to regulatory burden. We suggest regulatory burden adds uncertainty and turbulence to the operating context, negatively affecting government effectiveness in securing aid. This negative effect is moderated by the number of foreign donors operating in a jurisdiction. Propositions are tested in a data set derived from the 221 Ecuadorian municipalities during 2007-2018. Findings suggest regulations of NGOs have decreased municipalities' ability to secure international cooperation. This negative effect is larger in municipalities with a higher presence of donor supply. These results encourage policy makers to consider counterproductive costs of overregulating foreign NGOs and other civil society organizations when designing regulatory tools.

Local State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) play an increasingly important role in the delivery of key public services to citizens across the world. Because they operate at arms' length from their parent organizations, arrangements for the effective governance of local SOEs are a major concern for public administration researchers and policy-makers alike. In many countries, local SOEs are supervised by boards of directors responsible for managing and monitoring service provision. Agency theory suggests that the size and composition of these boards is likely to be influenced by the ownership structure, organizational complexity, and growth opportunities. Using seemingly unrelated regressions to analyse the size and composition of local SOE boards in England, this study finds that large, minority public-owned, not-for-profit SOEs and those with more public sector partners have larger boards of directors, and that older, majority public-owned, and not-for-profit SOEs have more politicians on the board. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings for the governance, accountability and performance of local SOEs are discussed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of nursing competencies and military spirit on disaster preparedness among Korea Armed Forces Nursing Academy (KAFNA) cadets. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted from the 3rd and 4th grade KAFNA cadets. The data were collected from August 17 to 20, 2021. The structured questionnaire consisted of 106 questions about nursing competencies, military spirit, disaster preparedness, and general characteristics of participants. Results: The average score of nursing competencies, military spirit, and disaster preparedness were 3.92±0.48, 3.71±0.61 and 3.35±0.60 out of 5. Disaster preparedness was positively correlated with nursing competencies (r=.62, p<.001) and military spirit (r=.38, p<.001). There was significantly positive correlation between nursing competencies and military spirit. (r=.51, p<.001). The significant influencing factors on disaster preparedness were 'nursing competencies' (β=0.51, p<.001) and '4th grade' (β=0.59, p<.001). Conclusion: To enhance the disaster preparedness of cadets in response to disasters, an education program for KAFNA cadets should be focused to improve the nursing competencies based on disaster nursing education.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among job satisfaction, job stress, and turnover intention and to identify the effect of job satisfaction and job stress on turnover intention among civilian nurses in military hospitals. Methods: As a descriptive study, this study was conducted with a self-reporting questionnaire of 76 military civilian nurses working in military hospitals in April, 2020. Statistical methods for data analysis included independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with Scheffé's test, and multiple regression. Results: The mean scores of job satisfaction, job stress, and turnover intention were 3.00±0.57, 3.66±0.66, and 3.46±0.93, respectively. The turnover intention had positive correlations with job stress (r=.34, p=.003), and a negative correlation with job satisfaction (r=-.68, p<.001). A statistically significant correlation was also found between job satisfaction and job stress (r=-.29, p=.011). The multiple regression analysis presented that the job satisfaction (ß=-.40, p=.001) had the greatest influence on the turnover intention. The model explained 52.0% of the turnover intention among civilian nurses in military hospitals (F=5.55, p<.001). Conclusion: In order to reduce turnover intention of civilian nurses in military hospitals, the effort to increase job satisfaction and to reduce job stress are continuously needed.