The purpose of this study is to verify the validity and reliability of PSIS to provide basic data that helps to closely explore the causes and interventions of children's sleep problems. A total of 239 mothers (116 males, 123 females) completed a self-report questionnaire, including measures parent-child sleep interaction, mother's sleep quality, parental stress, and children's problem behavior. For the collected data, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and reliability analysis were performed through M-plus 8.0 and SPSS 23.0. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of exploratory factor analysis, it is finally confirmed as an 8-item, 2-factor model. )' and 2 factors were named 'Sleep Reinforcement'. Second, as a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the fit of the model was found to be excellent, and the validity of certification and reference validity were confirmed. This study suggests a simple and effective evaluation tool for evaluating the interaction between parents and children in sleep situations, rather than fragmentary related variables such as sleep time, and I think it will be useful to provide basic data onto sleep research in infants and young children. In addition, it is expected that this scale can be used as a parent education material that suggests what kind of attitude is appropriate to take in a child's sleeping situation.

This study analyzed the play therapy process and theme of children who experienced physical/emotional abused by teachers under judicial precedent of child abuse at daycare center in violation of the Child Welfare Law. The study analyzed 10 abused children aged 6 for 20 sessions of 50 minutes once a week (April to September in 2020) under the guidelines of BENEDICT's Expanded Theme in Play Therapy (BETPT). In result, experiences of being abused showed alertness, hypersensitiveness, avoidance and a trauma that can caused difficulties in establishing a relationship. Play themes over the whole sessions were in the order of Constancy, Safety, Aggression, Powerful figure overcoming weaker figure(s), and Danger. At each stage of the initial, middle, and final, the theme of the play appeared different and showed positive changes. In conclusion, the study is significant that it promoted recovery and growth changes to trauma of children abused, by conducting immediate play therapy, and that it provided ground for various therapeutic interventions to be conducted in the future by sharing their experiences of being abused.

This study was conducted to investigate whether group play therapy program is effective in improving social skills of children with intellectual disabilities. First, the effect of the group play therapy program on the changes in the scores of the social skills scale of children with intellectual disabilities is investigated. Second, find out the effects of group play therapy program on pro-social behavior of children with intellectual disabilities. The subjects of the study were 7 children that were diagnosed with intellectual disabilities aged 10-12 using the A center located in D city. The group play therapy program was conducted twice a week for a total of 12 sessions for 6 weeks. As a result of the study, the social skill scale of children with intellectual disabilities in the experimental group was increased in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Second, as the session progressed, the incidence of pro-social behaviors of children with intellectual disabilities in the experimental group steadily increased and showed social improvement.

The study was aimed at verifying the effect of school-based SEL positive intervention on SEL and SWB in male middle school students. The results are as follows. First, the program in this study was found to partially improve the SEL of male middle school students. It was effective in improving SEL basic knowledge and functions, and this effect lasted until eight weeks after the end. However, the program was ineffective in reducing the externalization problem and was effective in reducing the internalization problem, but this effect was eliminated after 8 weeks. Second, the program was found to improve SWB of male middle school students. Specifically, it was ineffective in increasing positive to affect and was effective in decreasing negative affect, but this effect was eliminated after eight weeks. It was also effective in improving life satisfaction, which lasted eight weeks after the end. These results show that school-based SEL positive intervention programs can be effective in preventing and treating social and emotional problems in male middle school students as well as promoting SWB.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of academic stress on smartphone over-dependence and the moderating effect of parent-adolescent communication on the relationship between academic stress and smartphone over-dependence among middle school students. For this study, 402 students, the participants in this research were 2 grade students at middle school. And analysis using SPSS 21.0 was performed. The main results are summarized as follows. First, academic stresses perceived by adolescents showed a positive correlation with smartphone over-dependence, and parent-adolescent communication showed negative correlation with smartphone over-dependence. Second, parent-adolescent communication moderated the relationship between academic stress and smartphone over-dependence. In this study, the positive communication between parents and their adolescent moderates the relationship between academic stress and their smartphone over-dependence, which means that the quality of parent-adolescent communication can serve as a protective factor to prevent smartphone over-dependence. Since the number of participants in this study is limited to U city, it is necessary to secure sufficient representativeness through large-scale sampling across the country.