일반화학에서 다루는 에너지와 관련된 개념들을 요약하였다. 일, 열, 내부 에너지, 엔탈피, 자유 에너지 등은 일반화학에 나오는 열역학적 기본 개념들이다. 전지 에너지와 빛 에너지의 기초적인 측면도 간략하게 논의하였다.

Energy and the related terms are discussed in the level of general chemistry. Work, heat, internal energy, enthalpy and free energy are basic concepts of the thermodynamics appearing in general chemistry. Fundamental aspects of electrochemical energy and light energy are also briefly discussed.

We have investigated experimentally electron beam lithography condition for the nanoscale patterning on a glass substrate. The condition for the nanoscale patterning using electron beam lithography are affected by various parameters such as the electron acceleration voltage, ebeam dose, and working distance etc. We investigated and reported the optimal condition of the nanoscale patterning on a glass substrate using the TESCAN MIRA3 in Center of Research Facilities.

In this study, we analyzed the analogies used in the interrelated chapters between Middle School Science and High School Chemistry textbooks published under the 2015 revised national curriculum. High School textbooks utilize more analogies than the Middle School textbooks, since the level of the contents gets more difficult moving into upper levels of chemistry textbooks. A frequency analysis of the analogy use shows that the section of “structure of matter” has the highest frequency, while “properties of matter” has the lowest. Most of the analogies are represented in a proper manner, but limitations and clear boundaries of analogies use have not been sufficiently mentioned. Based on these results, educational implications are discussed.

It is considered the M/G/1 queueing model with Weibull service time. We propose an approximation of the distribution of the overshoot of workload process in the model and verify the accuracy of the approximation. Then we compare our approximation with preceding research.

In this paper, we introduce several definitions of quartiles of quantitative data and explain the motivations of the definitions. Then the functions calculating quartiles in some famous statistics softwares are given and it is explained which definitions are adopted in each funtion for quartiles of data.

The preference of metathesis Ru catalysts toward alkene and alkyne substrates, determined by a method based on FRET principle, is described. The determined substrate preferences are proved to depend on the identity of the Ru catalyst, exhibiting the preference order of alkene > alkyne for Ru-1 and alkyne > alkene for Ru-2. The results enable us to probe mechanistic issues of metathesis, such as the controversial reaction initiation in the enyne metathesis.

Albert Einstein predicted gravitational waves caused by the distortion of spacetime. Since the first detection of a gravitational wave signal by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) on September 14, 2015, many more gravitational wave signals have been detected so far. To reveal the source of a gravitational wave signal, one needs to pin down a waveform model and its parameter set that reproduces best the observed signal through a Bayesian approach. However, such analyses can be complicated mainly due to (1) a huge variety of model choices (more than one hundred) and (2) the ambiguities in determining the priors of model parameters. In this study, we revisit the case of GW150914, the first-ever detection of a gravitational wave, with 27 models and different priors. By comparing the Bayesian evidences of the models, we have found that the best match to the observed signal comes from the model with relativistic effects taken into account. Among those without relativisitc effects two models of SEOBNRv2 and IMRPhenomX provide the most accurate description for the observed signal.

The purpose of this study is to identify research trends on physical activity using virtual reality on the effects of virtual reality-based Physical Activity Therapy Programs (PATPs). Research articles were retrieved from 2008 to 2021 using the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) and Pubmed database. The main search terms were 'care', 'therapy', 'healing', 'exercise', 'physical activity', and 'virtual reality'. Finally, 9 papers were selected among 621 articles which were searched from database. The subjects of this study were systematic review and meta-analysis papers that can be collected the original text, and related to PAPTs by reviewing the text and abstract. The participants were mainly patients (8), and the types of diseases were stroke(5), dementia(4), and cognitive impairment(3). The physical factors were mostly balance ability(7), gait ability(5), and activities of daily living(4). All of papers were conducted from 2015 to 2021, which is believed to have increased interest due to the development of virtual reality implementation technology and the deterioration of physical and psychological functions by COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to analyze the effects of PATPs using virtual reality technology, and expected that research related to virtual reality will be activated.

Leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) is a global regulator involved in modulating a variety of metabolic functions, including the catabolism and anabolism of amino acids as well as pili synthesis. In addition, there is growing evidences that Lrp may play an important role when cells make transition between rich and lean nutritional conditions. In this report, as a starting point of the study on the biochemical characteristics of Lrp which provide a good example that shows how bacteria adapt to nutrient limitation and environmental stress, we described the construction of recombinant plasmids with the truncated lrp genes deleted in C-terminal amino acids of Lrp.

Bismuth Telluride(BiTe) is a material which is widely used in thermoelectric devices in the room temperature range because of its high conversion efficiency. We fabricated Bismuth Telluride thin films by using a thermal evaporation method and measured electrical resistivity of them from 80 K to 500 K. We also observed the effects of high temperature annealing of the films on the changes in electrical resistivity. By using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer, we investigated the crystallinity and composition of the BiTe thin films.