Electronic documents have become essential for communication in the digital era rather than paper documents. An electronic document, such as a PDF document that has the same layout as a paper document, is delivered through a delivery channel such as e-mail. Moreover, in the mobile era, delivering an HTML document to a mobile application has become a means of communication. However, unlike a PDF document, an HTML document is composed of related external resource files such as an image. There is no explicit specification to guarantee the content integrity against unauthorized content modification. In this study research was conducted into Document-HTML specifications that guarantee document integrity like a PDF document and provide a better customer experience in the mobile environment based on HTML5. Furthermore, we designed and implemented a Document-HTML system in a cloud computing environment. The Document-HTML system provides stateless REST API for Document-HTML document creation and validation, and the Document-HTML document provides RSA cryptography level content integrity by using a digital signature based on PKI. The Document-HTML system can be used as a secure customer communication platform in enterprises to provide content integrity and a better user experience in the mobile environment.

Gravity vortex turbines are ultra-low-head free vortex gravitational vortex turbines that use a vortex to generate electricity in ordinary streams. Although research is limited in Korea, much research is being carried out in Europe and Southeast Asia. The turbine is capable of generating power with a low cowpox of 0.7 to 2 meters and consists of orifice branches, blades, gear boxes, generators, and power equipment. Double orifice basins play an important role in producing vortexes in flowing water. Important variables for generating electricity in orifice basins are the flow rate, inlet size, output direct cost drop-off conditions compared with input, and installation conditions. The purpose of this study is to verify the vortex stability of the orifice basin and to secure future orifice basin product modeling and data. The study found that the safety margin was interpreted as frame "128.4", flange "137.3", and water tank "7.8". Based on this study, gravity currents are safe on land and are the basis for continuous research on how to utilize orifice basins underground.

In this study, a synchronized appearance of resonant tunneling and luminance is reported in quantum well-structured organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) when the tris 8-hydroxyquinolinato aluminium (Alq3, 30 nm) and metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc, 5 nm) layers are employed as green and blue emission layers, respectively. The current density (J)-voltage (V) characteristic showed "peak and valley" between 14.6 and 16 V with a ratio of 4.5, which is clear evidence of the resonant tunneling phenomenon. The luminance (L)-voltage (V) characteristic also showed synchronized behavior with the resonant type of the J-V characteristic. On the other hand, the "peak and valley" characteristic was not observed when the thickness of H2Pc was thicker than 5 nm, which means no resonant tunneling took place. In conclusion, we were successful in showing improved luminance efficiency in quantum well-structured organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by the resonant tunneling phenomenon.

Aluminium oxide(α-Al2O3;α-alumina) nanoparticles were synthesized by liquid phase precursor process using Al(NO3)3·9H2O as the aluminium oxide precursor. Industrial pulp was used as an impregnation matrix. The synthesized powders were characterized by XRD and FE-SEM. The particle size of the powders was controlled by heat treatment conditions, such as heating temperature and time. Al2O3 nanoparticles were created when the heat treatment temperature was raised to 1,100℃. XRD diffraction analysis confirmed that the crystalline phase of alumina produced at 1,100℃ was α-Al2O3. Results from SEM showed that the generated powder consisted of a collection of particles, and that the size of the primary particles of the specimen at 1,100℃ was less than 100 nm. Secondary particles were observed to change their cohesion form as temperatures increased, and the size of the collection decreased.

Research to prevent the spread of infectious diseases has become active recently in Korea, and the healthcare industry is growing in importance. Biosafety research facilities require air conditioning equipment that controls the flow of air artificially to prevent infectious agents from leaking out and affecting humans. Two methods for air conditioning systems, the CAV method and the VAV method, are both currently used in biosafety research facilities. In this study, we tried to identify the problems of the two air conditioning control methods and establish a system that can operate safely by generating pressure variables in a laboratory of a biosafety research facility operating the two air conditioning systems. Also a plan for improvements is suggested.

To improve the extinction process of food waste enzymatic activity material derived from the selected microorganisms such as Bacillus were adapted and their functions to remove organic matters, bad smells and salts in food waste were studied. First of all the specific microscopic organism in soil such as radiation germ, yeast, and etc. were revitalized and set in sawdust so that the enzymatic activity came to appear. To identify the effect of processing of food waste treatment by enzymatic activity material, the amount of fermenter produced was checked and the reaction temperature, aeration periods, pH were measured. As a result, little change was occurred in pH, but approximately 20% change was shown in temperature and aeration periods. The decomposition of food waste by direct input of microorganism only should keep pH neutral mostly, and reaction temperature of as high as 60℃ was necessary for treating the food waste effectively. However, in case of using enzymatic activity materials, the decomposition of food waste achieved with a good condition even in pH 4~9, and as low temperature of 35℃. Especially, only 30% of injection of aeration can make decomposition efficiently so that the expenses of food waste handling would be reduced. To decrease the bad smell of food waste, mixing and stirring the food waste was adapted and hydrogen sulfide was decreased from 30 mg/L to 1 mg/L dramatically. As a result enzymatic activity material shows good ability to contribute the effective disposal and odor removing of food waste.

Recently, the demand for healthy snacks from domestic agricultural products is increasing with the recent well-being trends. For vacuum frying, the frying temperature and oxygen concentration are low, so the oxidation reactions of oil are significantly reduced compared to deep frying. Therefore, vacuum-fried products are suitable for healthy food manufacturing due to their low content of harmful ingredients such as trans fats, polar compounds, and acrylamide. The vacuum-fried chips show different physical properties compared to deep-fried one with pretreatment methods, and product quality of the snack is strongly dependent on physical properties. In this study, sweet potatoes and purple sweet potatoes were investigated with various pretreatments to measure their physical properties. The pretreatment methods used were predrying, blanching, osmotic dehydration, antibrowning agent and hydrocolloid coating. The physical properties of vacuum-fried chips were measured for yield, color, oil content, and hardness. As a result, changes in physical properties were evident according to the pretreatment method. Product yield and oil content are important factors for producers and consumers, and considering this, the best pretreatment method was osmotic dehydration. The results could be used to produce premium-grade sweet potatoes and purple sweet potatoes chips based agricultural products with high palatability and low acrylamide contents.