This study aims to look at the newly launched Biden administration's policy toward Iran. This paper assumes that the Biden administration will advocate for the traditional approach of past Democrats to restore lost American leadership. Based on this, this thesis is based on the hypothesis that the Biden administration's foreign policy shift will be reflected in the Iran nuclear deal. To test this hypothesis, this study compares and analyzes the representative foreign policy speeches of President Trump and President Biden and the first congressional speeches. The KH Coder program will be used to measure the frequency of nouns related to the Middle East and Iran in the speeches of the two presidents. In addition, by analyzing the co-occurrence of words of related key-words, this research would show how the policies and approaches to Iran between the two presidents have been changed.

South Korea is one of the major Middle Power that leads the international agendas and asserts influence to the states in the Middle East. However, Korea is rather a partner or a cooperative state with them, who is not strong enough to take the leader's role in those relations. Above all, Korea's foreign policy towards the Middle East is strongly influenced by international circumstances and, to an extent, bound to the United States' foreign policy towards the Middle East. The main purpose of this research is to figure out the context and the dynamics that drive the changes in the U.S. foreign policy towards the Middle East, and by doing so, we can draw out an implication to our foreign policy towards the region.
In order to aptly and flexibly respond to those 'changes,' it is imperative to figure out the background and the fundamental factors that lie underneath the 'constant' variable. For this purpose, the concept of 'Geopolitical Code' will be applied as an analytical tool. The foreign policy of the U.S. is based on the Geopolitical Code, which functions as a justification and supportive instrument when represented towards its own people and the international community.
First of all, through some literature reviews, we will identify which theory or context other scholars used to analyze the U.S. foreign policy towards the Middle East. By doing so, we will verify the strength of the Geopolitical Code approach. Then, the theoretical background will be given about the concept and the structure of the Geopolitical Code. With that knowledge, we will then move on to analyze the Geopolitical Codes of the former U.S. Administrations in the 21st century (Bush, Obama, and Trump). Then we will conclude with some implications that can be drawn for Korea in devising its own foreign policy towards the Middle East.

This study analyzes the progress of COVID-19, trend of patient outbreaks, and the COVID-19 control system of Tehran, the capital of Iran and a global metropolis. Especially, this study examines the disease control system that seeks to battle COVID-19 in national and city scales as well as the promotion materials for disease control and their social significance. Also, it surveys Iran's situation in vaccine development and vaccination, and examines Iran's vaccination response through the controversies in Iran around vaccines. The study looks into Tehran's situation where Iran's COVID-19 curve was drawn, and discusses the social and political causes that led to Iran's initial failure in response and later fallback in failing to control the spread of the disease. This study delves into Tehran's disease control system to examine the vulnerability in the response to COVID-19 in the global metropolis which is the political and administrative center of Iran. This study has the significance as an analysis of Tehran's and Iran's situation and progress in the COVID-19 pandemic as well as a comparative study of examining the trends and responses to COVID-19 in global cities.

This study examines the Korean-Arabic translation strategy adopted to dub video content for the Korean edutainment animation series < Pororo the Little Penguin >. The use of Internet-based over-the-top(OTT) streaming platforms is increasing rapidly in the current age of distant communication resulted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Animations are spotlighted as educational content for the home, and < Pororo > has become extremely popular in both the domestic and foreign markets. This series has been operating an official YouTube channel since 2011 and offers content dubbed in 15 foreign languages, including Arabic. This study compared and analysed the titles and dialogues of the Korean, English and Arabic versions of < Pororo >. The results found that the animation series made use of relatively simple words and sentences to avoid complications in matching mouth movements. Additionally, the Korean original included numerous interjections, many of which were omitted in the Arabic version. The influence of English, the intermediate language, caused some of the lines to be omitted in the Arabic dubbing, which also intentionally excluded some episodes in consideration of the local culture and use of the content by the target audience comprising Muslim children.

This paper is about a research on how to write Arabic in Korean. There is no regular rule of writing Arabic in Korean and causing inconsistency of Arabic written in Korean in books and media. However, in 2018, the National Institute of the Korean Language proposed an amendment of Arabic in Korean Notation on the recommendations of the Korean Association of the Arabic and Arabic Literature.
Books and Media issued by Korea have inconsistency in Arabic vocabulary since they have their own ways of Transcription or they follow the way in English notation.
For example, Burj Dubai is called '버즈 두바이' or '부르즈 두바이', and since the writing methods were mixed, an accurate Korean notation for Arabic is highlighted.
This research examines frequently used Arabic words in books and media written in Korean, and correct notation method if there is an error.
In this study, since Arabic has different pronunciations or individual differences by region, the transliteration method is based on written forms rather than spoken forms. Above all, it is easy to rewrite Korean writing in Arabic since the writing is always stays the same and it can be expressed in correct notation.
However, some Arabic vocabulary or proper nouns that have been used for a long time, especially if the second word among those two words starts with a definite article, it is standard to be presented two words as a single word.

The purpose of this study is to make a modern approach to Ibn Khaldūn's linguistic thought, especially to reinterpret the conception of al-malakah al-lisānīyah (the linguistic aptitude) which takes the most important position in Ibn Khaldūn's study of language. In an obvious sense, the ultimate goal is a re-interpretation of almalakah al-lisānīyah from a modern linguistic point of view. This approach leads us to recognize the continuance of the method of linguistic study by comparing between Ibn Khaldūn's views of language which were totally developed to his age and some modern linguists' theories, especially the generative transformational theory.
In order to accomplish the aim, this paper will, in the second chapter, deal with Ibn Khaldūn's definition of language and compare it with some modern linguists' definition. In the third chapter, the definition of al-malakah al-lisānīyah will be made with the prescription of its conditions and preconditions. Likewise, the comparison between al-malakah al-lisānīyah and linguistic competence by Chomsky will be made to prove the theoretical relations between them through the language acquisition. This will give us a clear answer to the question we might ask “Why compare al-malakah al-lisānīyah with Chomsky's work rather than alternative models such as those developed by Brame, Bresnan, Gazdar and others?”
In the last part, this paper will present the method of Ibn Khaldūn's linguistic study - the descriptive and explanatory method, stressing the necessity of recognizing that his linguistic method was influenced by the historical method.

This research aims to discuss a phonological issue of spelling, known as dialectical and foreign letters. This issue arose from the presence of Arabic words that contain unparalleled sounds in classical Arabic, and the size of this problem was increased by the Arabicized words that were borrowed from foreign languages that contain foreign letters. When the scribes and writers wanted to write it, they did not find a match for it in the Arabic alphabet, so they tried to solve the problem by describing the letter and phonetically describing it at times, and by writing it with the closest letters as a way out to it another time, or with two solutions together at a third time. But these solutions did not fulfill the purpose and did not solve the problem, because these letters were known only by listening and oral tradition, so the problem remained in Arabic and another problem arose out of it, which is the multiplicity of the written form of words that contain unparalleled letters in classical Arabic, whether these words are of Arabic origin or Arabicized.

This study illuminates the pursuit of identity of migrant artists through the work of the Syrian-German author, storyteller, and critic Rafik Schami and his publications “A Handful of Starlight” and “1001 Lies”. Schami who was raised in a Christian family in Syria, moved to Germany in 1971 and has since been recreating his home in Syria through numerous novels, stories and fairy tales. Schami is a migrant writer who pursues his identity by writing at the border. He reveals boundaries in the differences between his home country(Syria) and his second country(Germany), differences between Arab and European cultures, differences between Arabic and German, and the differences between the past and the present. Schami embodies these differences and attempts to transform the boundaries where the differences are located into new starting points. Hence he introduces Arabic culture to the natives of his host country in their language and persuades that multiculturalism and coexistence are the keys to globalization. In particular he has been actively participating in political action since 2010's "Arab Spring" and emphasizes the correspondence between literature and reality as well as presenting his views as a writer.

In the postmodern era, the dismantling of genres and breaking down boundaries between genres are steadily expanding in order to meet the expectations of art lovers. In the case of literature, especially in the field of novels, various attempts are being made to break down the genre limit and approach the perspective of the world with a new attitude through combination with other genres.
In novels such as 『My Name is Red』 and 『The Museum of Innocence』, Orhan Pamuk became a world-class author by blending postmodernist elements with the unique Turkish literary style in terms of writing, influenced by Western literary theorists and competent writers. In order to highlight the conflict between people with different ideologies in Kars, the novel Snow deal with in this paper, an attempt is made to achieve a dramatic effect by introducing a genre called 'Play'.
The advantage of a play compared to a novel is the liveliness that unfolds on the stage in front of you. By adding a theatrical element in the Pumuk novel, it can be said that the visual effect was added to the imagination given by the text. Above all, it should be noted that the city of Kars, the background of the Pamuk novel, was set to be cut off from the outside due to heavy snow for three days. This is similar to the nature of a play unfolding with a time limit.
On the other hand, it is noteworthy that the person who caused the coup, which is an important event in the novel, is set as a theater man named Sunay Zaim. The setting where he begins the coup is also the stage, and the setting that the place where the person who caused the coup dies is also on the stage leaves a strong impression on the readers. In addition, the appearance of repetitive blackouts that correspond to the dark battles of plays in novels, narrations centered on the lines of characters, and sentences such as prints from plays are emerging as examples of crossovers between novels and plays.
In addition, the plays < My Motherland or My Headscarf > and < Tragedy of Kars >, which are plays performed in the novel, are not only put on the stage in the novel, but also the theatrical elements are placed in the middle of the novel to naturally break the boundaries between the two genres. It is effective and also serves to show the overall theme and conflict of the novel.
The attempted by the writer to introduce theatrical elements into major scenes and events, breaking the boundary between novel and play, or crossover, can be regarded as a combination of the dramatic tension of the play and empathy with the detailed description and description, which are the virtues of the novel. There is ample room to interpret this as an attempt to explore and pursue the direction of modern literature through the experiment of a new narrative structure of genre decomposition and integration.