In an effort to gain insight regarding the anti-photoaging efficacy of Rhamnus davurica methanol extract (RDME), the efficacies of RDME on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induction of apoptosis, and production of hyaluronic acid (HA) in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were evaluated in the current study. The viabilities of 10, 15, and 20 mJ/cm2 UVA-irradiated HDFs were decreased by 18.3% (p < 0.001), 31.5% (p < 0.001), and 42.9% (p < 0.001), respectively. The viabilities of 10, 15, and 20 mJ/cm2 UVA-irradiated HDFs treated with 100 μg/mL RDME were increased by 6.5% (p < 0.05), 4.5%, and 21.0% (p < 0.001), respectively. Production of ROS in HDFs increased by 19.9% (p < 0.001) following UVA irradiation at 10 mJ/cm2. However, production of ROS in 10 mJ/cm2 UVA-irradiated HDFs decreased by 15.3% (p < 0.001) following treatment with 100 μg/mL RDME. Apoptosis of HDFs increased by 449.5% (p < 0.001) following UVA irradiation at 10 mJ/cm2. However, apoptosis of 10 mJ/cm2 UVA-irradiated HDFs decreased by 46.0% (p < 0.001) following treatment with 100 μg/mL RDME. Production of HA in HDFs decreased by 15.8% (p < 0.001) following UVA irradiation at 10 mJ/cm2. However, production of HA in 10 mJ/cm2 UVA-irradiated HDFs increased by 16.0% (p < 0.001) by treatment with 100 μg/ mL RDME. In summary, the results reported in this study demonstrated that RDME could inhibit UVA-induced production of ROS and apoptosis of HDFs. RDME also enhanced production of HA in UVA-irradiated HDFs.

Observation of the surface and needle tip of a flat needle (Manual-F12p) consisting of four rows of 12 needles used in the manual technique was performed using a scanning electron microscope. In observation of the manual-F12p needle tip using the low magnification scanning electron microscope, each needle was not equally arranged in a uniform length but was observed to have an irregular length. The protruding needles were 0.1 ㎜ to 0.8 ㎜ longer than the shortest needle on the inside. In high-magnification scanning electron microscopy, the tips of 12 needles having very different shapes were observed. Measurement of the needle tip, which had a relatively round shape, showed a diameter of approximately 9 μm. In addition, it was clearly observed that no foreign substances were attached to the surface of the needle tip. However, many needles with deformed or malformed needle tips were observed. Foreign substances and metallic fragments were attached to the tip of the needle, which was deformed in the shape of a crushed needle.

With increasing damage to the scalp and hair caused by various factors, including stress, environmental pollution, and diet, attention to healthy hair and scalp as well as awareness of management is increasing. The results from experiments regarding the effect of genistein on the hair cycle of the skin of the hymenitis from mice to DNCB are as follows. According to the experimental method, a 5-week-old male Balb/c mouse was used for animal testing, and DNCB (2,4-Dinitroclobenzene) was used in the first test to induce contact dermatitis in the skin of mice. The second experiment included visual observation of changes in the skin of rats by administration of genistein, and analysis of the histological analysis and transcription using a hematocillin & fish dyeing method for identification of the mechanism of action of genistein associated with atopic dermatitis. Dermal visual observation showed that administration of genistein resulted in substantial improvement of the symptoms of dermatitis, and hair follicles having a round shape were observed. In conclusion, genistein administration is helpful in improving the symptoms of DNCB dermatitis, and improvement of hair cycle or hair growth deterioration caused by dermatitis can be achieved.

The purpose of this study was to examine the inhibitory efficacy of Atriplex gmelinii methanol extract (AGME) against wrinkle formation and hyperpigmentation in a cell-free system. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of AGME were 268.7 tannic acid equivalent (TAE) mg/g and 247.5 rutin equivalent (RE) mg/g, respectively. At a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL, the electron-donating ability of AGME was 83.2% with an SC50 (50% scavenging concentration for free radicals) of 249.0 μg/mL. The IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) of collagenase activity for AGME and ascorbic acid was over 1,000 μg/mL and 448.3 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of elastase activity for both AGME and ascorbic acid was over 1,000 μg/mL. The IC50 of mushroom tyrosinase activity for AGME and arbutin were less than 62.5 μg/mL and 175.3 μg/mL, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that AGME has high antioxidant capacity as well anti-wrinkle and skin-whitening efficacies in a cell-free system.

An analysis of the constituent elements of mud powder was performed using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and a flatQUAD mapping analyzer. An analysis of the mud powder using the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and flatQUAD analyzer detected Si, Al, Fe, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, and S elements. Among the nine elements detected equally by the two analyzers, Si and Al elements were identified as the main constituents of the mud powder, and the content of Fe, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, and S elements was less than 7%. No heavy metal elements that can be harmful to the human body were detected in the mud samples used in this study. The presence of Si, Al, Fe, K, Na, Mg, and Ca elements, which are essential constituent elements of mud powder, was observed, and Ti and S elements, which have a beneficial effect on the human body, were present in trace amounts.

This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of an application of water-soluble PVA nonwoven fabric to auxiliary paper used for general and heat permanent operations using watermelon seed oil as the treatment agent for the protection and improvement of hair. For general permanents, 1.5g of watermelon seed oil was applied to the general permanent auxiliary paper and PVA nonwoven fabric. A heat perm was also tested using the method described above. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe hair morphology, and when both general perms and heat perms were wavy with the PVA nonwoven fabric and watermelon seed oil was applied, the keratin of the hair stabilized and remained glossy. Regarding the tensile strength, the application of PVA nonwoven fabric coated with watermelon seed oil had a meaningful effect, and its effectiveness for the care of damaged hair was confirmed. The effect of PVA nonwoven fabric and watermelon seed oil on hair wave formation was minor; however, in the experimental group, in which watermelon seed oil was not applied for a regular perm, the waveform was smoother and softer. When watermelon seed oil was applied, the weight of the hair was the greatest, and less change in the hair's pH was observed in the PVA nonwoven fabric and watermelon seed oil application group. Therefore, various research studies should be conducted for the development of permanent supplements and treatment products that can be applied safely as necessary.

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of 70% ethanol extracts of 'Kyoho' grape branches (Vitis labruscana L.) was examined in order to develop a new natural material. First, an evaluation of total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extracts of 'Kyoho' grape branches was performed. The result of measuring the total polyphenol content of 70% ethanol extracts of 'Kyoho' grape branches was 862.41±1.09 mg/100 g. Electron donating ability and 2'-azinobis-(3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability were confirmed for evaluation of the antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extracts of 'Kyoho' grape branches. The results of measurement of antioxidant activity at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL confirmed that the electron donating ability was 93.09% and the ABTS radical scavenging ability was 99.71%. The MTT assay was performed using RAW 264.7 cells for evaluation of cell viability; the result showed more than 99% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. Nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity was measured, and Western blot was performed in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells for confirmation of the anti-inflammatory activity. The NO production inhibitory activity of 70% ethanol extracts of 'Kyoho' grape branches showed an inhibitory effect of 28.74% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. Western blot was performed for confirmation of inflammation-related factors iNOS and expression of COX-2 protein. The result confirmed that expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on the results described above, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of 'Kyoho' grape branches, as well as its use as a natural material was confirmed.

The findings of this study confirmed the factors affecting the intention to reuse an augmented reality-based virtual fitting service, focusing on users. The primary results of the study are as follows. First, presence had a positive effect on perceived ease of use. Second, presence had a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Third, interactivity had a positive effect on perceived ease of use. Fourth, interactivity had a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Fifth, perceived ease of use had a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Sixth, perceived ease of use had a positive effect on the intention to reuse. Seventh, perceived usefulness had a positive effect on the intention to reuse.

This study was conducted for the purpose of developing a beauty service program by examining the influence of lifestyle values of female consumers on the perception of beauty consumption and appearance management behavior, and identifying the characteristics of perception of beauty consumption and appearance management behavior according to the lifestyle values of consumers. The purpose of this study is to report on a method for use in metropolitan areas:, 292 copies of the collected questionnaires, excluding omissions and insincere responses, were utilized as data for use in the final analysis. A reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were performed. According to the results, among the lifestyle values of female consumers, a positive effect on the perception of beauty consumption was observed for the family-oriented and conspicuous group, however the health-conscious and economist group was passive with regard to the perception of beauty consumption. In addition, sub-factors of lifestyle values had a positive (+) influence on appearance management behavior. Based on these results, our goal is to determine methods for providing a rapid response to customers and to develop various programs for attainment of economic values, and to provide helpful academic and practical data.

The recent rapid development of information communications technology has resulted in stable growth of the mobile digital device platform and a rapid increase in the proportion of the e-commerce market represented by mobile commerce. Cosmetic mobile apps are also regarded as a distribution channel with endless possibilities. Therefore, this study provided a comprehensive discussion of the effect of interface design elements of cosmetic mobile apps on users' evaluation and intention regarding continued use; an online survey of 300 women in their 20s-30s was conducted. According to the results, among the subfactors of the interface design elements of Cosmetic Mobile Apps, layout, colors, typography, and graphics had a statistically significant impact on users' evaluation and intention regarding continued use. In addition, among the subfactors of users' evaluation, manipulation efficiency, visibility, error feedback, and consistency had a statistically significant impact on users' intention regarding continued use. The current study provides fundamental data that may be helpful in promotion and management of cosmetic mobile app consumption by use of effective interface designs.