The purpose of this study was to examine the inhibitory efficacy of Paederia scandens methanol extract (PSME) against wrinkle formation and hyperpigmentation in a cell-free system. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of PSME were 373.3 TAE (tannic acid equivalent) mg/g and 305.8 RE (rutin equivalent) mg/g, respectively. At a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL, the electron-donating ability of PSME was 91.5% with an SC50 (50% scavenging concentration for free radical) of 149.2 μg/mL. The IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) of collagenase activity for PSME and ascorbic acid were 697.9 μg/mL and 448.3 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of elastase activity for PSME and ascorbic acid were 824.8 μg/mL and over 1,000 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of mushroom tyrosinase activity for PSME and arbutin were 126.3 μg/mL and 175.3 μg/mL, respectively. According to these results, PSME has high antioxidant capacity and high anti-wrinkle and hypopigmentation efficacies in a cell-free system.

Aesculetin, a derivative of coumarin, is a compound known as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aesculetin is also known to have various inhibition effects for cyclooxygenase (COX) as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, limited solubility and labile color stability were the main problems in cosmetic formulation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to improve limited solubility and color stability using a molecular capsulation technique. PPG-β-CD, polypropylene glycol-β-cyclodextrin, can form non-covalent inclusion complexes by molecular capsulation. Inclusion complex by PPG-β-CD is a unique approach to molecular capsulation based on molecular selectivity. In this study, PPG-β-CD was prepared by substitution of the hydroxyl groups under high pressure conditions. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used for determination of the chemical structure of PPG-β-CD. A deep freezing method under high vacuum was used for molecular capsulation. UV/VIS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for structural confirmation of the molecular capsule. UV/VIS spectroscopy showed a bath-chromic shift. SEM showed a swollen shape and XRD showed the non-crystalline structure of aesculetin. These findings indicate that molecular capsulation was completed between aesculetin and PPG-β-CD. The molecular capsulation between PPG-β-CD and aesculatin enhanced the solubility and color stability of aesculetin in formulation of skin care cosmetics. The results suggested that by use of PPG-β-CD the molecular capsule could be a multi-functional ingredient for use in cosmetic products.

This study was conducted in order to examine the effects of Sapindus mukorossi Leaf Extracts (SME) on lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Treatment with SME resulted in inhibition of lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, treatment with SME resulted in dose-dependent suppression of adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), MAPKs, and NF-κB. Furthermore, treatment with SME resulted in increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) involved in lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that inhibition of adipocyte lipid synthesis by SME occurs through suppression of adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related protein expression and activation of the AMPK pathway. Therefore, based on these findings there is potential for use of SME as a natural material for prevention of obesity.

Trapa japonica, commonly known as “water nut” or “water chestnut”, is an annual aquatic plant. The fruit of T. japonica, known as Neungin (菱仁) or Neungsil (菱實), is edible and is used for detoxification of stomach cancer in private and oriental medicine. This study was conducted in order to examine the anti-wrinkle, whitening, and antioxidant activities of T. japonica floating part as a cosmeceuticals, viz. EF; 70% ethanol extract, WF; water extract, HWF; hot water extract. The highest content of total flavonoid compounds was 40.04 mg·QC/g at HWF. The polyphenol compound content was the highest by 166.78 mg·TA/g in WF. As a result of the analysis of anti-aging effect at 2,000 ug/mL, collagenase and tyrosinase inhibition activities showed the highest activity of 57.09% and 50.74% in HWF, respectively. The astringent effect and xanthine oxidase inhibition were highest at 38.27% and 38.00% in WF. The ABTS radical scavenging ability of 500 ug/mL, WF and HWF was more than 98%. More than 90% of DPPH radical scavenging ability at 2,000 ug/mL was observed for all extracts. The SOD-like activity showed the highest activity with EF of 46.25% at 500 ug/mL, however activity decreased as the concentration increased. In RAW264.7 macrophages, HWF decreased by approximately 30% at a concentration of 50 ug/mL or higher, and WF was also decreased by 20% at 100 ug/mL. Compared to the LPS-treated group, NO production was reduced by WF and HWF by approximately 23% at a concentration of over 25 ug/mL. According to these results, T. japonica floating parts differ depending on the extraction solvent and method, and because of its excellent anti-wrinkle, whitening, astringent effect, and antioxidant effect, extract from T. japonica floating parts is useful for extraction of water-soluble solvent. In addition, T. japonica floating parts is believed to be a natural resource that can be used as a cosmeceutical material.

To confirm the potential for application of Lagerstroemia indica leaves as functional cosmetic materials, samples were prepared by extraction with 70% ethanol and fraction with ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, and hexane. The result of evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity at a concentration without cytotoxicity showed that the ability to inhibit NO production in the crude extracts was the highest at 24.44%. The result of evaluation of the mRNA expression levels of HAS-2 and AQP-3 showed that there was no significant effect (p<0.05). According to the result of confirming the mRNA expression level of MMP-1, treatment w ith the ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 60 μg/mL resulted in an expression inhibitory effect of 51.54% and significance was recognized (p<0.05). The results of this study confirmed the applicability of the L. indica leaves fraction as an anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle cosmetic.

Consumers make purchasing decisions based on the information produced by themselves on influentially-growing SNS, therefore SNS has had a strong ripple effect on the marketing field, and changes in the marketing field have also been observed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the use status of SNS beauty channels and to determine the effect of the perception of beauty channels on purchase intention through conduct of a survey of women in their 20s with the highest beauty channel sensitivity. The use status of beauty channels showed that the primary reason for the main use of beauty channels was 'getting the information you want quickly.' In addition, the relationship between variables for the perception of beauty channels showed that usefulness, playfulness, and professionalism had a statistically significant positive relationship with purchase intention. The influence on consumers is increasing with the increasing use and influence of SNS. It appears that marketing will have to exert power in order to provide consumers the reliability of SNS beauty channels, given that they purchase the product because of its positive effect and that they do not purchase it because of its convincing advertisement. In addition, it appears that marketing will be in the limelight by highlighting the characteristics of SNS, including a rapid visual response, given that most consumers search for makeup products and make purchases on beauty channels.

The objectives of the current study are to examine the relationship between personal color perception, makeup behavior, self-esteem, and body image of female university students. A survey of 425 female university students was conducted. Analysis of the data collected from the survey was performed using SPSS 21.0. The frequency analysis, calculation of Cronbach's coefficient α, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and multiple regression between variables were performed for statistical processing of the collected data. The results are summarized as follows. First, personal color perception had significant positive effects on makeup behavior. Second, makeup behavior had significant positive effects on self-esteem. Third, makeup behavior had significant positive effects on body image.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difficulties and solutions of late middle-aged Korean women during application and wearing of makeup. In-depth qualitative interviews and two quantitative surveys were conducted with baby boomers born between 1955 and 1964. Results of the qualitative research showed that the women face barriers, including 'lack of information', 'ageing', 'anxiety', and 'it is bothersome' during application of makeup, and they attempt to overcome these barriers through 'makeup research', 'surgical procedures', 'product exploration', and 'forgoing coloured makeup'. According to results of the quantitative analysis, while makeup barriers affected the subsequent behaviours of the women, the degree of effect was dependent on the type of barrier. In addition, while experiencing makeup barriers, choice of subsequent behaviours varied depending on the level of makeup skill. Findings of the study provided verification that the level of makeup skill is an important variable influencing the relationship between makeup barriers and subsequent behaviours. The findings provide useful information for use in the cosmetics marketing field, where young women are usually the target, and there is an effort to identify strategies for the older age group.

The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of beauty shop instagram usage motivation on perceived values and relationship continuity. A survey of adult male and females in their 20s and 30s was conducted from April 3 to 28, 2021; a total of 255 copies were evaluated. Analysis of the collected data was performed using the SPSS WIN 21.0 program. According to the results, beauty shop Instagram usage motivation had a positive(+) effect on perceived value. Second, the beauty shop Instagram usage motivation also had a positive(+) effect on relationship continuity. Third, perceived value had a positive(+) effect on relationship continuity. It is expected that our results would serve as basic data for development of specialized marketing strategies that can helpful in the effort to build lasting relationship with customers

Recently, there has been an increase in regulations on cosmetic product companies by international organizations, as well a diverse expansion of consumer activity ranges. Therefore, social responsibility activities to fulfill its social responsibilities as a corporate citizen, and not just management focusing on short-term performances, have become a major element for evaluating cosmetic companies as well. Accordingly, this study intends to comprehensively examine the impact of social responsibility activities of cosmetic products on brand assets perceived by consumers. Surveys for this study were conducted by consigning an internet research agency on consumers of cosmetic products in their 20s to 40s, and a total of 372 copies were finally analyzed using the SPSS 24 program. Results of the study showed that in order to improve the brand assets of cosmetic companies(brand image, brand association, brand loyalty), social responsibility activities such as economic responsibility, philanthropic responsibility, ethical responsibility, and legal responsibility were important elements, and it was possible to find significant differences in the formation process. This study is significant in that it provides basic data that can be used in presenting directions of social responsibility activities and marketing strategies for cosmetic product companies in the future.