The human brain undergoes aging throughout one's lifetime after its maturation period. However, the patterns of brain aging vary from person to person. Recently, the brain age prediction brings our attention increasingly since it may be useful as a biological marker of the level of brain aging. Estimation of brain age is of great clinical significances, since it can suggest the severity of neurological diseases as well as psychiatric disorders. It has been reported that regional volumes of cerebral structures and cortical thickness would be decreased with aging. Yet, these changes vary depending on numerous factors such as tissue and area of the brain aging and accelerate after a certain period of time. In order to establish brain age prediction algorithms with high accuracy, it is necessary to select relevant input data and algorithms. Majority of the previous studies trained the models through volume-based data and in particular, the study applying the latest prediction algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks, has shown reasonably high accuracy with a mean absolute error of around 4 years. Growing body of literatures regarding the brain age prediction has been available since 2015. In the future, more accurate model will be developed with more advanced machine learning and larger number of brain imaging data. If the model would be developed for younger population, its clinical significance will be increased.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts(CADASIL) is an autosomal-dominantly inherited small artery disease characterized by variable neurologic symptoms and typical brain MRI findings. Psychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline are relatively common symptoms observed in CADASIL, and mood disturbance is second most common initial symptom of CADASIL in patients of 50 or older. However, CADASIL is underdiagnosed by psychiatric experts. In this article we review and discuss about variable psychiatric symptoms of CADASIL to promote more precise diagnosis in psychiatric clinics.

Objectives: This study examined the characteristics of elementary school students who were referred to the Professional school visits outreach project in 2017 and 2018 and analyzed the emotional and behavioral characteristics of the students who experienced school violence.
Methods: 160 elementary students were included in the analysis and the participant's parents were asked to complete the Child Behavior Checklist 6-18. To obtain general information and experience of bullying, a semi-structured interview with the student, parents and the teacher was conducted.
Results: The participants had a high proportion of vulnerable groups, and the main presumptive diagnoses were ADHD and depression, which were similar to those of the clinical group. Experiences of child abuse increased the risk of experiencing bullying (OR=2.16, p,0.5). The median scores of rule-breaking (p=.03) and aggressive behaviors (p=.01), externalization (p=.01) and conduct problems (p<.01) were significantly different among bullying participant roles. Bullies exhibited the most serious emotional behavior problems.
Conclusion: The group with experience of school violence had more social immaturity and behavior problems, and less social and adaptability than the group without experience. Bullies had severe rule-breaking, aggression, externalization, and behavior problems, and showed the most problems in emotional behavior, and victims showed a tendency to have poor social and adaptation skills.

Objectives: This study explored the effects of nonpharmacological multifactorial memory improvement program ('Ssing-Ssing Doonoi baljeonso (SSD)') developed by the National Center of Mental Health in 2015 in community-dwelling elderly complaining of subjective memory impairment (SMI).
Methods: A randomized, controlled, 8-weeks trial of SSD with double-blind assessments at baseline and end-point of treatment. A total of 117 elderlies with SMI were recruited from 10 community-based welfare centers in Seoul, Korea. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: SSD and art therapy group. 8 sessions of treatment were administrated to the groups.
Results: SSD significantly improved immediate recall, delayed recall of word memory test, all items of the logical memory test, and immediate recall, delayed recall, and recognition of the visuospatial function test (all p<0.05). Korean short version of Geriatric Depression Scale(S-GDS-K) was also significantly improved, and Memory Efficacy Questionnaire(MEQ), Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire(PRMQ), and Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire(K-DSQ) were all significantly improved. In particular, compared to the art therapy group, the K-DSQ showed better results(time * group, F(1, 114)=6.585, p=0.012, η2=0.055), and S-GDS-K was a tendency to improve in SSD group (time * group, F(1, 114)=3.596, p=0.060, η2=0.031).
Conclusion: Our multifactorial memory training program significantly enhanced memory, visuospatial function, mood and subjective memory efficacy. Compared with art therapy, SSD had more advantages in memory function of daily life and showed a tendency to improve depression. It is likely to be applied as a nonpharmacological treatment for the prevention of cognitive decline in the elderly with SMI/MCI.