The objectives of this research were to investigate the drought resistance, the growth and physiological characteristics of wisteria floribunda seedlings with the soil water conditions. The seedlings for the research were grown in pots with strict water content control on a frame located outdoors. During the experiments, the soil water contents (S. W. C.) were adjusted to 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%. In addition, it was investigated the effects of Rhizobium inoculation on the growth of seedlings. The experimental results are summarized as follows. 1. The seedlings in the pots with 5~% S.W.C. withered to death due to the water stress- Withering or any distinct growth was not observed from the seedlings in the pots with 10% S.W.C.. It can be inferred from these results that about 5% of S.W.C. is the wilting point of Wisteria floribunda seeuiings and about 10~ is the critical S.W.C. of its growth, for the soils used in this research. Therefore, it seems that Wisteria floribunda possesses a good drought resistance. 2. From the analyses of the main growth parameters such as stem elongation, diameter growth, leaf area growth, total dry weight, etc., it was found that the seedling growth can be improved with increasing S.W.C.. The relationship between each growth parameter(Y) and the S.W.C. (W) was well described by a quadratic equation, Y=a+bW+cW². 3. In the pots with S.W.C. higher than 20%, the seedling growth(Y) was remarkable along with extended growing period, and related to the growing period (D) by a quadratic equation, Y = a+bD+cD². 4. Rhizobium was found to be more readily inoculated and to form more root nodules to seedlings grown in higher S.W.C.. And the artificial inoculation of Rhizobium was found to activate the seedling growth. 5. The diurnal change of CO² absorption through leaves was not significant for the seedlings in 10% S.W.C. but distinct for others, and the higher the S.W.C., the more the CO² absorption. 6. The increase of S.W.C. quickened the growth of the fiber length, the thickness of cambial meristem, the length and width of vessel in xylem, but lessen the number of vessels for the unit area of xylem. 7. The increase of S.W.C. lowered the accumulation of potassium(K) and sodium(Na) in seedlings, acting as osmotic regulators of plants, but stimulated the accumulation of total nitrogen content in seedlings. 8. The nitrogen content of soils with the growth of seedlings decreased below that of the reference soil at the beginning of the experiments, but increased abruptly at the end of the experiments. The accumulation of nitrogen in soils increased with the increase of S.W.C.. The change of soil nitrogen content is possibly resulted from the nitrogen fixation of Rhizobium inoculated to the roots of seedlings. 9. The growth of seedlings brought out the decline of P²O_5, Ca, Mg, Na and K contents in soils, and especially the decrease of P²O_5 was remarkable. The higher S.W.C. resulted in the greater decrease of P²O_5, Ca, Mg contents in soils but the less decrease of Na and K.