The dairy cattle population in Korea has increased to a level of 179,000 heads in 1980. However, 4,750㎏ of annual production average per Cow is relatively low, comparing with that of other nations. This low production has resulted in the need of genetic improvement of Korean dairy cattle. The number of 4,080 cows enrolled in a supervised milk recording program has made it difficulty to conduct breeding program of dairy cattle. To achieve the maximum genetic improvement of dairy cattle, the national sire and cow evaluation program should be started. This would allow the top sires and cows genetically in the nation to be determined. A young sire sampling program should also begin to develop the sires for A.I. service in the nation. Selection emphasis on high milk yield of satisfactory composition will continue to be our breeding goal in the future. Selection for high milk production is still the most important single factor for assuring high economic returns to the dairy man. The primary goal of genetic improvement in Korea should, also be directed to increase the annual production average per cow and to select for longevity feed efficiency conformation, and beef productivity.