The problem of how to improve effectively Korean native cattle for beef production has been discussed controversially among Korean geneticists for more than 20 years since 1960. The main point of controversy was to determine which procedure of both purebred selection and crossbreeding with exotic beef breed should be applicable for more effective improvement of Korean native cattle. It was very difficult for us to decide definitely the exact one of both procedures because of having their merits or defects respectively in view point of cattle breeding policy. In this paper, the achievements of Korean native cattle improvement for past 70 years were reviewed and the outline of new scheme proposed for future programme. The content of this paper was summarized as follows; 1. Korean native cattle increased about 69 % in the body weight of adult female more than 60 years ago as shown on table 1. This increase came mainly from combination of bull selection and improved feeding condition, but it was not possible to estimate separately how much the genetic gain affected on the increased body weight of Korean cattle. $lt;표생략$gt; 2. The goal of improvement was established on basis of Korean cattle performance from Alpine experiment station in which progeny test is carried out, as shown on table 2. The goal was divided into 3 steps by stage for long term programme. $lt;표생략$gt; 3. It is proposed that the main procedure for Korean native cattle improvement should rely mainly on the purebred selection as well as partly on the crossbreeding with exotic breed including hybrid utilization. The proportion of both procedures would be determined depending on the policy of government. It suggested that the crossbreeding should be conducted very carefully taking measurements for possible problems occurred in practice. 4. The breeds of beef cattle for crossbreeding of Korean native cattle should have following conditions; suitable to small herd feeding system, in early maturity fattening, of large type, in good appetite, in gentle nature, in good mooring, in similar colore to Korean cattle, in high motherbility, in high feed efficiency and in high percentage of Lean meat. According to above criteria, Charolais, Simmental in mainland and Brahman in Jeju island would be recommendable for crossbreeding of Korean native cattle, because those three breeds already expressed good result in crossbreeding experiment. 5. The organization for breeding of Korean native cattle should be strengthened for more effective improvement. ·To establish $quot;Korean cattle improvement commission$quot; to be responsible for all matters related to cattle improvement. ·To integrate the performance test projects of Korean native cattle carried out independently in each organization: Alpine experiment station, Daekalyong and Unbong branch stations of National livestock Breeding Station. ·To let provincial breeding stations join positively in the performance test project of Korean bull. ·To enlarge the business of Korean Animal Breeding Association. To establish $quot;Breeding Base$quot; in farm area for progeny test. 6. The functions of organization for Korean cattle breeding should be strengthened for acceleration of improvement as follows; ·To enlarge the capacity of semen storage in Artificial Insemination Institute. ·To establish the performance test committee for controling Korean cattle. improvement project. ·$quot;Korean Animal Breeding Association$quot; to hold $quot;National Livestock Contest$quot; ·Government to transfer all business of improvement to the organization. ·Scientists of universities and research institutes to join positively in the business of organization. 7. The government should support strongly the activity of organization. ·To rearrange and support the organization. ·To support the budget required for purchasing superior bull and cow from $quot;National Livestock Contest.$quot; ·To support positively $quo