The light harvesting pigment proteins of dinoflagellates exhibit essentially 100 efficient energy transfer from carotenoid (peridinin) to chlorophyll a within the antenna pigment complexes. The high efficiency of solar energy harvesing(particularly blue light) for photosynthesis in dinoflagellates is attributable to the unique molecular topography of peridinin and chlorophyll a within the protein crevice. The mechanisms of energy transfer from carotenoids to chlorophyll in higher plants have also been discussed in comparison with the dinoflagellate antenna pigment complexes. As an example of solar energy harvesting, particularly red light, for photosynthesis in algae, the molecular topography and energy transfer in the photosynthetic accessory pigment protein, Chroomonas phycocyanin, have also been discussed.