清季十年（1901―1911）, 是新旧交替的时代，社会思想、风俗习惯以及法律制度, 都遭遇了传统与变革的交锋。本文以北洋大臣兼直隶总督袁世凯的奏折等档案史料为中心, 对20世纪初发生在直隶地区的夫妻殴杀至死命案进行考察, 阐释此类服制命案所凸显的清代下层社会的两性关系、婚姻秩序, 女性在夫家和母家的角色、地位与能动性, 以及夫权在该等级家庭中的弱化等问题；探析在晚清社会转型, 清代法制向现代化转型的历史背景之下, 法律变迁对该类案件产生的诸多作用和影响。

The decade of the late Qing Dynasty (1901-1911) was an era of transition, where social ideologies, customs, and legal systems were caught in the clash between tradition and reform. Centered on archival historical materials such as the memorials submitted by Yuan Shikai, the Northern Imperial Commissioner and Governor-General of Zhili, this paper examines spousal homicide cases occurring in the Zhili region during the early 20th century. It elucidates the gender dynamics, marital order, and the roles, status, and agency of women within both their marital and natal families, as revealed by these homicide cases involving family members. Additionally, it explores issues such as the weakening of the husband's authority in hierarchical families. The study further investigates the various impacts and influences of legal transformations on such cases against the historical backdrop of social transition in the late Qing period and the modernization of the Qing legal system.