本研究探討臺灣考古學的發展歷程, 並分析其在不同時期的社會背景、學術思潮與研究取向。將臺灣考古學分成七個主要階段：(1) 殖民時期前半由日本學者開展考古調查, 主要關注臺灣與東亞文化圈的關係；(2) 殖民時期後半隨臺北帝國大學土俗人種學講座成立, 考古學逐漸建立學術體系；(3) 戰後中國學者來台, 中央研究院與臺灣大學的學者重建學術架構, 並將臺灣考古學納入中國文化脈絡；(4) 1960年代, 張光直引入科際合作與諸多學術概念, 與宋文薰共同建構臺灣的文化層序；(5) 1970年代, 過程學派的學術概念進入台灣, 考古學者重視環境適應、聚落模式與社會組織；(6) 20世紀末的建設造成搶救發掘工作暴增, 資料增多, 也促使文化資產保存法修訂；(7) 21世紀初公眾考古學、原住民考古學興起, 考古學者開始反思研究對象的主體性, 並探索如何賦權於在地社群。歷史考古學逐漸受到重視。研究海外考古學的學者增多, 海外研究臺灣考古學的學者社群也日漸擴大。臺灣考古學發展以來, 在跨域的視野下持續發展, 從舊石器時代人群遷徙到南島語族的擴散, 均對國際考古學界有所貢獻。臺灣考古學發展歷程不僅有歷史知識的累積, 也反映了不同時代的思想與社會變遷。透過理論與方法的更新、文化資產保護的深化, 以及公眾參與的提升, 臺灣考古學正朝向更具多元性與國際化的方向發展.

This study explores the development of archaeology in Taiwan, analyzing its social context, academic trends, and research approaches across different periods. The history of Taiwanese archaeology can be divided into seven major stages: (1) The early colonial period, when Japanese scholars initiated archaeological investigations, focusing primarily on Taiwan’s connections with the East Asian cultural sphere; (2) The later colonial period, during which the establishment of the Ethnology Department at Taihoku Imperial University led to the gradual institutionalization of archaeological research; (3) The postwar period, when Chinese scholars arrived in Taiwan, and academia at Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University reconstructed the scholarly framework, incorporating Taiwanese archaeology into a Sinocentric narrative; (4) The 1960s, when Chang Kwang-chih introduced interdisciplinary collaboration and various academic concepts, working with Sung Wen-hsun to construct Taiwan’s cultural chronology; (5) The 1970s, when the Processual Archaeology approach was introduced to Taiwan, shifting the focus to environmental adaptation, settlement patterns, and social organization; (6) The late 20th century, when large-scale infrastructure projects led to an explosion of salvage excavations, significantly increasing data accumulation and prompting amendments to the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act; (7) The early 21st century, marked by the rise of public archaeology and Indigenous archaeology, with scholars critically reassessing agency of research subjects and exploring ways to empower local communities. Historical archaeology also gained increasing attention, and the number of scholars conducting overseas archaeological research, as well as international scholars studying Taiwanese archaeology, has continued to grow. Since its inception, Taiwanese archaeology has developed within a transregional framework, contributing significantly to the global understanding of human migration from the Paleolithic period to the expansion of Austronesian-speaking peoples. The historical trajectory of Taiwanese archaeology is not only an accumulation of knowledge but also a reflection of evolving intellectual paradigms and social transformations. Through the advancement of theoretical perspectives, methodological innovations, strengthened heritage preservation, and increased public engagement, Taiwanese archaeology is progressing toward greater diversity and internationalization.