Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of treatment based on the Bobath Concept on gait and balance in a hemiplegic patient, focusing on how the key therapeutic concepts of sensory input, postural alignment, and selective movement control contribute to motor learning and neuroplasticity in functional recovery. These principles, central to the Bobath Concept, guide the restoration of normal movement patterns and the improvement of motor control. Methods A single-case study design was used, involving multiple treatment sessions based on the Bobath Concept. Sensory input was provided to guide motor control, while postural alignment and selective movement control were emphasized as core therapeutic approaches to facilitate normal movement patterns. The patient's gait and balance were assessed before and after each intervention to track improvements. Results Improvements in gait and balance were observed after each intervention, with notable changes in motor function and stability. Conclusion The findings suggest that treatment based on the Bobath Concept can effectively enhance gait and balance in hemiplegic patients by utilizing principles of motor learning and neuroplasticity.