随着中国农业现代化的不断推进, 中国农业企业正面临转型升级的巨大压力, 传统的封闭式创新模式难以有效应对复杂多变的市场需求, 农业企业亟需寻求新的创新路径以应对挑战。伴随着 “乡村振兴”战略的全面实施和智慧农业的快速发展, 开放式创新模式日益成为突破传统创新模式的关键。开放式创新作为现代创新理论的重要组成部分, 强调企业通过开放边界, 实现与外部资源和知识的深度合作, 有效整合多方优势, 提升研发效率, 促进技术成果的转化, 从而增强企业的创新能力和市场竞争力。特别是在农业领域, 开放式创新为解决农业企业技术瓶颈和资源约束提供了新思路, 帮助企业适应农业现代化发展的需求。 尽管现有研究从多个角度探讨了 “乡村振兴”战略背景下农业企业的发展路径, 以及开放式创新对企业创新绩效的影响, 但尚缺乏在农业领域将二者结合的系统研究。为填补这一研究空白, 本研究以 “乡村振兴”战略为背景, 聚焦开放式创新对农业企业创新绩效的影响,分析政府补贴在这一过程中发挥的调节作用。本文选取了2014-2023年间104家中国A股农业上市企业的面板数据, 通过Stata18.0进行回归分析。研究发现, 开放式创新显著提升了农业企业的创新绩效, 且政府补贴不仅直接促进创新绩效, 还通过增强开放式创新的作用进一步放大了其绩效提升效果。 本研究不仅为开放式创新理论在农业领域的应用提供了实证支持, 还为农业企业提升创新绩效提出了以下政策建议: 首先, 农业企业应结合自身规模和发展阶段, 逐步从内部自主研发模式转向合作研发和联合申请专利的开放式创新模式, 积极融入开放式创新生态系统。 其次, 政府应根据农业企业的特点及其所处的发展阶段, 制定有针对性的政策措施与资金补贴措施, 优化金融政策。最后, 企业需要进一步加强自主研发投入, 在开放式创新的基础上夯实自身技术能力, 通过技术创新降低自然环境的不确定性风险。政府可通过设立专项资金用于应对气候变化、灾害防控及资源节约技术开发。为实现农业领域的高质量、可持续发展奠定基础。 此外, 本研究的结论对韩国农业企业同样具有参考价值。韩国农业企业应结合本国信息技术与机械化优势, 将开放式创新融入农业现代化实践中, 同时借鉴中国乡村振兴经验, 推动乡村产业升级与可持续发展。另外, 中韩两国可通过加强农业技术合作与人才交流, 探索智慧农业与乡村发展的新模式, 共同应对农业发展面临的挑战, 为两国农业高质量发展注入新动力。

As China advances its agricultural modernization, agricultural enterprises face immense pressure to transform and upgrade, which arises from the challenges of competing in an increasingly complex and dynamic market environment. Since traditional closed innovation models struggle to meet these demands, enterprises are prompted to explore new pathways for innovation. As the rural revitalization strategy is comprehensively implemented and smart agriculture develops rapidly, open innovation has emerged as a critical approach to addressing the limitations inherent in traditional innovation models. Open innovation, which serves as a vital component of modern innovation theory, emphasizes the integration of external resources and knowledge through boundary-spanning collaboration. By adopting this approach, firms can leverage diverse advantages, enhance R&D efficiency, accelerate the conversion of technological achievements, and strengthen both innovation capabilities and market competitiveness. In the agricultural sector, where technological bottlenecks and resource constraints persist, open innovation provides new solutions that help enterprises adapt to the evolving needs of agricultural modernization. Although existing studies have explored the development paths of agricultural enterprises under the Rural Revitalization Strategy and examined the impact of open innovation on corporate innovation performance across various industries, a systematic investigation that integrates these two areas in the agricultural sector remains lacking. To address this research gap, this study focuses on the impact of open innovation on the innovation performance of agricultural enterprises in the context of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, with a particular emphasis on the moderating role of government subsidies. This study utilizes panel data from 104 Chinese A-share listed agricultural enterprises spanning the years 2014 to 2023, conducting regression analysis with Stata 18.0. Furthermore, government subsidies not only directly promote innovation performance but also amplify the positive effects of open innovation. This study provides empirical evidence for applying open innovation theory in the agricultural sector and offers policy recommendations to enhance innovation performance. First, agricultural enterprises should align their innovation strategies with their scale and stage of development, gradually shifting from internal R&D to collaborative innovation models, such as joint R&D and co-patenting, and actively integrate into open innovation ecosystems. Second, governments should tailor policy measures and subsidies based on the characteristics and development stages of agricultural enterprises, while optimizing financial policies to support their innovation efforts. Finally, enterprises need to enhance their investment in independent R&D further, strengthening their technological capabilities within the framework of open innovation to mitigate uncertainties posed by the natural environment through technological advancements. Governments can establish dedicated funds to address climate change, disaster prevention, and resource-efficient technology development, laying a solid foundation for high-quality and sustainable development in the agricultural sector. In addition, the findings have significant implications for Korean agricultural enterprises, as they highlight how strengths in information technology and mechanization can be leveraged to integrate open innovation into agricultural modernization practices. By drawing on China’s rural revitalization experiences, Korea could promote rural industrial upgrading and sustainable development, which could serve as a foundation for long-term economic growth. Furthermore, as China and Korea work together to strengthen cooperation in agricultural technology and talent exchange, they could explore new models in smart agriculture and rural development, addressing shared challenges while injecting fresh momentum into high-quality agricultural development in both countries.