Biotechnology has various practical applications in modern society, ranging from pharmaceuticals and environmental conservation to agricultural sciences. While this field represents a significant advancement, the same technological developments could also be used for less favorable purposes, such as biological warfare. Establishing streamlined policy-based regulations for biotechnology in India is a complex issue that requires a coherent approach, ultimately enabling India to emerge as a leading voice in global leadership for biotech innovations. The latest advancements in biotechnology have the potential to impact society significantly, both positively and negatively. These implications may lead to adverse effects on environmental conservation and healthcare. India is a fast-developing country, yet it has not performed well in business and technology. Additionally, these companies are not alien to the Economic, and Social Governance (ESG) Regulations/Compliances which go together while contributing to the world. Furthermore, the very absence of regulations wherein the companies, especially the biotech companies have created a vacuum regarding keeping a check on the behavior of these companies in alignment to the novel Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as envisioned by the world leaders. The performance of India in Research and Development (R&D) has been poor, notwithstanding the rise in the number of cited Indian research papers and publications. It might be difficult to protect India's national interests during this period of biotechnological progress. Since India’s accession to the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), there has been considerable debate regarding Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and associated matters. One concern that has been highlighted is the knowledge asymmetry and lack of awareness regarding IPR. The Patent (Amendment) Bill of 2005 introduced more stringent measures for patent adoption and granting. However, India’s biotech sectors, along with other developing countries, have encountered difficulties due to the recent General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) negotiations of 2005-2006. Overcoming legal and regulatory obstacles, as well as navigating political challenges, will enable India to become a more competitive economy and assume a more international stance through continual evolution. This paper aims to examine India’s position in terms of biotechnology and its governing legal policies, particularly the IPR regime and its compliance with the ESG standards/regulations.