다산의 『아학편(兒學編)』 저술목적은 기존의 한자학습서의 단점을 극복하려는 데서 찾을 수 있다. 특히 다산의 『아학편』 저술은 『시경』의 선행학습 서로 염두에 둔 것이었다. 이를 확인하기 위하여 본 연구는 첫째, 다산의 저술관을 살펴 『아학편』이 여러 자료를 두루 참고, 정리하여 저술한 집(輯)에 해당하는 것을 확인하였다. 그 후 『아학편』 저술에 참고한 자료들 즉 『천자문(千字文)』, 『유합(類合)』, 『훈몽자회(訓蒙字會)』, 『신증유합(新增類合)』의 수록자들을 비교하여 『아학편』에 흡수된 한자 1,861자를 도출하였다. 둘째, 『시경집전』의 수록자와 『정본여유당전서 37』에 실린 『아학편』의 수록자를 비교하였다. 그 결과 『아학편』 수록자 2,000자 중 1,473자가 일치하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 73.65%라는 유의미한 수치를 얻어냄으로 인하여 다산이 아동들의 『시경』 학습을 염두에 두고 『아학편』을 저술하였다는 사실을 확인하였다. 셋째, 이전 한자학습서에 수록되지 않은 『아학편』 독출자 139자의 선정 기준을 추론해보았다. 이는 『아학편』이 두 글자씩 짝을 이루고 있음에 착안하여 독출자의 짝이 되는 한자와 그 글자가 이전 한자학습서에서 짝을 맺고 있는 한자와의 관계를 살펴보는 방법으로 진행하여 결과를 얻었다. 마지막으로 『아학편』 독출자 139자와 『시경』의 수록자를 비교한 결과 삼분의 일이 넘는 수인 52자가 일치하였다. 그리고 이 52자는 다산이 『시경』의 편명이나 작품, 나아가 주석에 있는 중요한 한자들을 의도적으로 선정하여 배치한 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이상과 같이 본 연구는 다산의 『아학편』 저술의도가 『시경』과의 연관성이 있는가를 밝히기 위하여 진행되었다. 그 과정에서 연구자별 『아학편』 독출자, 독출자 선정기준의 추론, 『시경』의 수록자 52자의 고찰 부분은 다산의 『아학편』 연구사에서 처음 시도된 것으로 의의가 있다.

Dasan's purpose of writing 『Ahakpyeon』 can be found by overcome the shortcomings of early Chinese character study books. From this the characteristics and intention of writing 『Ahakpyeon』 appear. Such as classification by type, clear classification of the tangible and intangible, classification of shapeㆍstateㆍmotion, principles of the six letters, principles of the formation of Chinese characters, and selection of Chinese characters that emphasize humansㆍlifeㆍexperience. In addition to this, minded 『Ahakpyeon』 as a pre-study book for 『Sikyeong』. Dasan, who maintained this position, made efforts to help children pre-study the learning of 『Sikyeong』 through 『Ahakpyeon』, a Chinese character study book in which children learn Chinese characters for the first time which was reflected in 『Ahakpyeon』 in harmony with the purpose of writing 『Ahakpyeon』. To confirm this, this study first looked at Dasan's view of writing and confirmed that 『Ahakpyeon』 is a corresponds to a collection written by referring to and organizing various materials. After that the materials referred to in the writing of 『Ahakpyeon』, 1,861 Chinese characters absorbed in 『Ahakpyeon』 were derived by comparing the recorders of 『Cheonjamun』, 『Yuhap』, 『Hunmongjahoe』, and 『Sinjeungyuhap』. Second, I compared the characters included in 『Sikyeong』 and the characters included in 『Ahakpyeon』 published in 『Jeongbonyeoyudangjeonseo 37』. As a result, it was confirmed that 1,473 of the 2,000 characters included in 『Ahakpyeon』 matched, and obtained a significant figure of 73.65%, it was confirmed that Dasan wrote 『Ahakpyeon』 with children's learning of 『Sikyeong』 in mind. Third, I inferred the selection criteria for 139 characters of 『Ahakpyeon』 that were not included in the early Chinese character study book. It is based on the fact that 『Ahakpyeon』 pairs two letters each, and proceeded by examining the relationship between the Chinese character that the is paired with and the Chinese character that the letter was paired with in the previous Chinese character study book, and the results were confirmed. Finally, as a result of comparing the 139 characters of 『Ahakpyeon』 and the included characters in 『Sikyeong』, 52 characters, which is more than one-third, matched. And it was found that Dasan intentionally selected and placed important Chinese characters in the title, piece and annotation of 『Sikyeong』. As mentioned above, this study was conducted to clarify whether the intention of writing 『Ahakpyeon』 by Dasan is related to 『Sikyeong』. In the process, the unique characters of 『Ahakpyeon』 for each researcher, the inference about selection criteria of the unique characters of 『Ahakpyeon』, and the consideration of the 52 characters included in 『Sikyeong』 were significant they were the first attempts in the history of research on Dasan's 『Ahakpyeon』.