Purpose This study aims to lay the foundation for nurturing core compentencies in smart manufacturing capabilities by analyzing the required competencies of small and medium-sized venture companies for implementing and operating smart factories. Methods A survey was conducted targeting employees at small and medium-sized venture companies, and an integrated comparative analysis was conducted using the Borich need assessment and locus focus model. Results It was confirmed that the first priority is managing smart factory system improvements, the second priority is establishing a smart factory system management plan, and the third priority is smart factory system data management. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, the core competencies required for implementing and operating a smart factory can be identified and specific training plans can be prepared to foster experts.