Vietnam’s mangrove forests play a crucial role in providing numerous ecosystem services essential for local communities and the environment. However, the maximization of provisioning services for livelihoods has led to trade-offs that reduce supporting and regulating services. This study aims to analyze the trade-offs of ecosystem services provided by Vietnam’s mangrove forests through systems thinking and propose resilient management measures. The study first employs systems thinking to explore the issues of the socio-ecosystems of Vietnamese mangroves through dynamic thinking. Second, it identifies the key variables of each ecosystem service through causal thinking. Third, it analyzes the socio-ecological system of mangrove areas through feedback thinking. Fourth, it proposes resilient coastal resource management measures for Vietnam’s mangrove forests. This study presents strategies for resilient management in the face of ecosystem service trade-offs in mangrove forests. Strategies include planting diverse mangrove species, increasing connectivity of mangrove forests, promoting sustainable ecotourism, and establishing governance structures. These resilience strategies will contribute to the sustainability and resource conservation of Vietnam’s mangrove forest ecosystems and to stakeholder decision-making.