Korean agriculture is structurally difficult to raise agricultural income due to the small size of management and aging of farmers. In order to overcome these structural limitations, a producer organization has been fostered to increase agricultural income through scale and joint action in the fields of production, shipment, processing, and distribution. Despite the growing importance of producer organizations, limited research has been conducted on the impact on agricultural income. Accordingly, this study analyzed the effects affecting agricultural income by dividing the farms that participated in the producer organization and those that did not, using Heckman model. In addition, the net effect of producer organizations on agricultural income was analyzed. First, it was found that participation in producer organizations was affected by the gender, age, farming experience, education, full-time status, arable land area, and types of crops. Second, it was discovered that gender, number of household members, farming experience, education level, full-time farming, arable area, and informatization in both groups had an impact on agricultural income. Third, as a result of analyzing the net effect of agricultural income according to participation in producer organizations through decomposition analysis, it was found that participation in farm organization has a positive effect on increasing agricultural income. Therefore, as producer organization has a positive effect on increasing agricultural income, it is necessary to strengthen policies to foster producer organization. In addition, the results of the empirical analysis that farmers who are active in farming activities are more likely to participate in producer organizations give us implications to need to strengthen the cultivation of competently small and medium-sized farmers to revitalize producer organizations.