The study on the rice policy of the Japanese imperialists who played a decisive role in the society and economy of ‘Manchuria’ where the Chinese did dry-field farming and the Korean people did rice farming is a key to clarify the development history of rice farming in the northeastern region of China, the emigration history of Koreans to Manchuria, the bestowal of favors by the Japanese imperialists on the emigrant Koreans and the essence of their development of Manchuria, and the realities of rice production and living conditions of the emigrant Koreans. Particularly, this study is of great significance because the studies on the theme by the academic circles of Korea, China and Japan are not active. At the time of Manchuria the Japanese imperialists carried out both the increased rice production control policy and the extensive increased rice production policy depending on the wartime rice conditions of the Japanese Empire. Until 1939 when the wartime rice condition became worse, they adopted a policy to control the size of the increased rice production and the speed of the rapid development for fear that the security and stability and the rapid increase of rice production should lead to the rapid increase of export to Japan, thus causing the sharp decline of rice price in Japan and pressing the agricultural villages. As the worsened rice condition endangered the wartime systems of the Japanese imperialists in 1940s, they converted to the policy to increase the nee production through the large-scale irrigation works and the expansion of rice paddies. As the increased rice production policy was carried out on a national level from that time, they went ahead with the extensive exploitation of the emigrant Koreans. Nevertheless, the number of Koreans emigrating to Manchuria increased rapidly, and they overcame the disadvantageous conditions for the survival tenaciously, enduring their exploitation. Therefore, the rice farming in Manchuria experienced a rapid development that cannot be seen in any development history of crops. This development was, however, abnormal and distorted. The ‘Manchurian development, improvement of living conditions for Koreans and ’modernization’ advocated by the Japanese imperialists were nothing but their modernization policy which gave priority to their self-interests.