Although South Korea and China belong to the same cultural circle in history, due to the differences in region, history, language, and customs, South Korea has formed its own unique cultural characteristics. This paper selects 35 different Korean translations of “The True Story of Ah Q”, Lu Xun's representative work, published from 1960 to 2010 as the research object, and analyzes the improper translation cases caused by the cultural differences between China and South Korea, Exploring the causes of various mistranslations puts forward the improvement direction of mistranslations caused by cultural differences, and thus provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of relevant translation models under the current situation of cultural differences between the two countries.