本文是一篇关于考察现代汉语助动词独用的论文。独用是指助动词在没有谓词宾语的情况下单独成句的现象。本文将可以单独成句的助动词分为“Aux.V”和“Aux.V的”两种类型, 考察了两种类型的使用情况、形成机制、先决条件等等。 首先, 能用“Aux.V”形式单独成句的助动词共有13个, 而且双音节助动词比单音节助动词更自由。“Aux.V的”形式可以分为两类：可以省略“的”的“能的”型, 不能省略“的”的“应该的”型。 其次, 我们发现助动词的独用是受主观化和交互主观化影响, 在语言经济原则的作用下省略句子成分的结果。具体来说“Aux.V”由“Aux.V+VP”省略而来, “能的”型由“Aux.V+VP+的”省略而来, “应该的”型由“()是Aux.V的”省略而来。在功能上它们有主观性的差异。 最后, 用法上“Aux.V”和“能的”型一般作为问题的回答；而“应该的”型是作为说话人对听话人的判断的回应, 带有评价色彩。我们发现不是所有的助动词都能单独成句, 它的独用是有先决条件的。

This paper is a thesis on the freestanding use of auxiliary verbs in Mandarin Chinese. Freestanding use refers to the phenomenon that the auxiliary verb forms a sentence alone without a predicate object.*** This paper divides the auxiliary verbs that can stand alone into sentences into two types: ‘Aux.V’ and ‘Aux.Vde(的)’, and examines the usage, formation mechanism, and restrictive conditions of the two types First of all, there are 13 auxiliary verbs that can form a separate sentence in the form of ‘Aux.V’, and the two-syllable auxiliary verbs are more free than the single-syllable auxiliary verbs. The form of ‘Aux.Vde(的)’ can be divided into two categories: the ‘Nengde(能的)’ type that can omit ‘de(的)’, and the ‘Yinggaide(应该的)’ type that cannot omit ‘de(的)’. Secondly, we find that the Freestanding use of auxiliary verbs is the result of subjectivization and inter subjectivization, and the result of omitting sentence elements under the influence of language economic principles. Specifically, ‘Aux.V’ results from omitting syntactic components from ‘Aux.V+VP’, ‘Nengde(能的)’ type is obtained by omitting the syntactic components from ‘Aux.V+VP+de(的)’, and the ‘Yinggaide(应该的)’ type is generated after omitting the syntactic components from ‘()Shi(是)Aux.VDe(的)’. Functionally they differ subjectively. Finally, in terms of usage, the ‘Aux.V’ and ‘Nengde(能的)’ types are generally the answers to the listener’s questions, while the ‘Yinggaide(应该的)’ type is the speaker’s response to the listener’s judgment, which has an evaluative nature. We also found a prerequisite for the sole use of auxiliary verbs.