Ivan Turgenev is one of the pinnacles in the 19th century Russian Literature. He wrote poems in prose, novels and dramas. In 1834 he created an etude drama 『Narrow』 and begun the creation of dramas. After that during 10 years he wrote ten plays: 『Неострожность』 (1843), 『Безденежье』 (1846), 『Где тонко, там и рвется』 (1848), 『Нахлебник』 (1849), 『Холостяк』 (1849), 『Завтрак у предводителя』 (1849), 『Разговор на большой дороге』 (1850), 『Месяц в деревне』 (1850), 『Провинциалка』 (1851), 『Вечер в Сорренто』 (1852). In his creation of dramas 『Месяц в деревне』 is only full-length play, the others seven plays are one-act and consecutive scenes. 『Месяц в деревне』 was created from 1848 to 1850 in Paris. Because of censorship was delayed the print of play and in 1855 published in the journal of 『Современник』. Turgenev said that 『Месяц в деревне』 is not a comedy but a novelette in dramatic form. After 17 years of publishing of play was first staged in Maly Theatre in 1872 unsuccessful. But performance of 『Месяц в деревне』 in Alexandra Theatre in St. Petersburg in 1879 made a great success. This article talk about: Turgenev and the dramatic literature, creation, publishing and the stage of the play 『Месяц в деревне』, time and space of the play, characters and genre, the relationship of the dramatic literature of Turgenev and Chekhov. Especially it attempts to understand the problem of genre of 『Месяц в деревне』, which Turgenev prescribed as comedy, the relation between the genre vaudeville and 『Месяц в деревне』, the meaning of 『Месяц в деревне』 that accepted as the first Russian psychological drama.