Carbon-based material is commonly used for the anodes in MFCs, but its low conductivity often limits anodic performance. Application of corrosion-resistive current collector to the carbon-based anode can be a promising strategy for increasing the anodic performance. In this study, it was hypothesized increasing the metal current collector improved anodic performance. Two different carbon-felt anodes with titanium wires (CF-W) or stainless steel mesh (CF-M) as a current collector were tested in a single chamber MFC. In the short-term tests such as polarization and impedance tests, CF-M with the larger current collector area (21.7 cm2) had 33% higher maximum power (2311 mW/m2), 81% lower anodic resistance (3 Ω), and 92% lower anodic impedance (1.1 Ω). However, in the long-term tests, the CF-W with the smaller current collector area (0.6 cm2) showed higher performance in power and current generation, COD removal, and CE (51%, 10%, 11%, and 5% higher, respectively) and produced 41% higher net current in the cyclic voltagramm (20.0 mA vs. 14.2 mA). The stainless steel mesh used as the current collector of CF-M might inhibit mass transfer. Although stainless steel has more advantages as an anode current collector material over titanium in terms of both current collection and microbial reaction, CF-M showed lower electrochemical performances in the long-term tests than CF-W, implying that mass transfer is more important in a long-term operation. This result shows that the larger current collector is advantageous in short-term performance and disadvantageous in long-term performance, because the larger current collector is good for current collection, but interferes with mass transfer and microbial growth.