Objectives: to compare low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) findings between fighter pilots and nonflying personnel. Methods: A total of 235 participants without any fighter flight experience and 185 fighter pilots with > 1,000 flight hours who underwent LDCT imaging were included in our study. The subjects were further divided into a smoking group and a nonsmoking group. The prevalence of each LDCT finding was compared by univariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed with variables suspected of being significant in the univariate analysis and controlled by age > 50 years, smoking status, and fighter flight. The diameters of the pulmonary artery (PA) and the ascending aorta (AA) were measured and the PA:AA ratio were calculated. Results: Among the nonsmokers, subsegmental atelectasis was rare in the fighter pilots. Among the smokers, bronchiectasis was rare in the fighter pilots, but paraseptal emphysema was common. Paraseptal emphysema was prevalent in the smokers. Fighter flight had no significant influence on the lung. The diameters of PA and AA and PA:AA ratio were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that a combination of fighter flight and smoking may have effects on the chest, particularly regarding the development of paraseptal emphysema.