Objective; The aim of this study is to investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second permanent molars using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in Korean Military. Method; A total 928 CBCT images of bilateral maxillary first and second molar from 232 patients were selected. Patients visited Armed Forces Capital Dental Hospital for surgical extraction, root canal treatment, and implant surgery. The following data were analyzed and recorded: number of roots, types of root canal, presence of MB2 canal, MB1 and MB2 canal. Result; Number of roots of all maxillary first molars was three. There were various numbers of roots of maxillary second molars (1~3roots). There were various types in MB canal in both maxillary first and second molars, However, there was only one type in DB and P canal. The MB2 canal of maxillary first and second molars was present in 38.1% and 9.8% respectively. The mean distance of maxillary first and second molars were 2.24mm and 1.93mm respectively. Conclusion; As a result of observing through CBCT, there were differences in the number of roots, the type of root, and the average distance to the entrance of the MB1 and MB2 root canals in the maxillary first and second molars. There were various canal types of MB canals of maxillary molars in Korean military. These data can help successful endodontic treatment.