This research explores important aspects of the history of Korean military psychiatry, which has played a significant role in mental health enhancing of Korean soldiers. Since the onset of modern psychiatry in Korea decades ago, Korean military psychiatry has made a great contribution to the development of Korean psychiatry. Furthermore, Korean military psychiatry is playing a leading role on the treatment and management of patients with adjustment disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Korea recently. At this point in time, it is necessary to review the history of Korean military psychiatry, and to make a plan for the future of Korean military psychiatry.