This study analyzes the structure of central-local confrontation over base issues, focusing on the dynamics of local politics in Okinawa. The results are as follows. First, the local ideological conflict between anti-base vs. compensation has changed in the process of central partisan realignment and regime change. The central government’s strong base policy promoted the integration of All-Okinawa, especially after the Koizumi-Abe administration, Second, the strong governorship, that characterized by representing territory, economic revitalization, and local partisan affiliation, is applied in local executives. As a brief, the base issue implies a structural dilemma in Japanese politics in which centralization(strong base policy) and decentralization(local autonomy) collide.