This study intends to analyze basic data about Busan’s shared transportation and suggest measures to stimulate the city’s shared transportation based on the analysis of domestic and overseas cases of shared transportation, the current conditions of shared transportation in Busan and opinions of citizens and experts.
In Busan, car sharing services are provided by two private companies―Socar and Greencar. Socar has 282 agencies with a total of 1,032 cars; and Greencar has 159 agencies with a total of 416 cars. As for electric kickboards, Wind runs about 40 kickboards in Nam-gu, Yeonje-gu, Suyeong-gu, and Busanjin-gu. With regards to shared parking lots, Yeonje-gu and Geumjeong-gu signed business agreements with Modu Company Inc. for a shared parking lot project, and Dong-gu and Nam-gu are preparing to sign such business agreements. On the other hand, a public bike system was operated in and around the new town in Haeundae only during the period from October 2010 to December 2015 by U-Bike and the period from late 2017 to October 2018 by ofo, a bike sharing company. A survey about shared transportation was conducted on citizens and experts, and it was found that the shared transportation services with the highest priority were “shared parking lot,” “car sharing services,” “ridesharing services,” “shared bikes” and “personal mobility” in descending order.
This study suggests the following measures to stimulate shared transportation in Busan. First, it is desirable to phase in shared transportation services in Busan because there are some shared transportation services being operated in the city. Second, shared transportation services need to be managed by the transportation demand management team, the parking planning team, the taxi administration team and the Transportation Information Service Center while such services are phased in; and the sharing economy team, the smart city promotion department and Busan Metropolitan Police Agency need to organically discuss shared transportation services and operate a system to support them. Third, a “Busan shared transportation committee” needs to be operated to make decisions about the introduction of shared transportation services and policies to support them. Fourth, data about private shared transportation services need to be collected by the Transportation Information Service Center to make public and provide such data in various forms of public data. Last, civic groups need be allowed to attend meetings of the shared transportation service committee, and they need to organize events, perform monitoring activities and protect users’ rights.
For the establishment of Busan’s Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) platform: (1) the introduction of community currency and the application of a block-chain system are necessary; (2) the Public-Social-Private-Platform-Partnership (PSPPP) can be examined as a short-term form of the MaaS operation and the public -social-private-platform-BCN (Block Chain Network) partnership (PSPPBP) as a mid- and long-term form of the MaaS operation; and (3) users and user apps, reservation and payment services, payment platforms and block chain networks (BCNs) are necessary.