Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a pivotal regulator of low lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) metabolism, and the interest in PCSK9 has increased in cardiovascular diseases. PURPOSE: Exercise reduces blood LDL-C via PCSK9-LDLR pathway in liver. However, the mechanism of exercise-induced inhibition of PCSK is not unclear. The aim of this review is to describe the role of exercise on PCSK9-LDLR axis in cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: This study reviews 34 previous studies focusing on the effect on exercise on PCSK9 in the human and animal. RESULTS: The effects of exercise and lifestyle intervention on hepatic and circulating PCSK9 are controversial. However, exercise consistently increases hepatic LDLR, and inhibits atherosclerosis via suppression of PCSK9 and LOX-1 in atherosclerotic region. CONCLUSIONS: Even though experimental data are still very limited, exercise training can improves blood LDL-C via inhibition of PCSK9 and enhancement of LDLR in liver and vasculature. The study of exercise on PCSK9 are urgently needed.