When the speaker constructs a proposition and the corresponding sentence, she bases their structure on her or the hearer's expectation. Therefore, expectation is important in linguistics and cognitive science. When she experiences an event, this event can accord to expectation or not. This accordance or non-accordance can be encoded by linguistic expressions. ‘anina talulkka’ and ‘anin key anila’ are accordance markers, while ‘selma’ is a non-accordance marker. Various degree expressions can also be analyzed in terms of expectation. Expectation-related phenomena can be modeled by Bayesian inference.
