Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of back stabilization exercise using leg blood flow restriction on the muscular strength, muscular endurance, and gait of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods Among 26 men and women diagnosed with chronic back pain, 13 patients in the Blood flow restriction waist stabilization exercise (BFRSG) and 13 patients in the Lumbar stabilization exercise (LSG) were enrolled. The subjects were trained for 8 weeks. Results Changes in both legs, changes in left leg support, changes in left leg support, changes in left leg swing, changes in both legs support, and changes in minute velocity were significantly decreased by period, period and group interaction (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups. Changes in trunk flexor strength and muscular endurance showed significant increases by period, interaction, and group change, and changes in trunk extensor strength and muscular endurance showed significant increases by period and interaction. Conclusion In patients with chronic low back pain, back stabilization exercise using blood flow restriction in the legs showed changes in gait and improvement of trunk flexor strength and muscular endurance.