Objectives: This study confirmed the relationship between particulate matter (PM_2.5) and depression in the elderly over 65 years old using community-based data. Methods: The 2017 Community Health Survey was used, and 67,417 people who responded to the depression screening question were selected as subjects for the study. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to consider regional impacts based on community-based data. In addition, in order to confirm the relationship between PM2.5 and depression, physical activity and social relation factors were considered together and evaluated. Results: As a result of this study, the risk of depression was increased in Q3 area of 1.66 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.09-2.52) and Q4 area of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.04-2.18) compared to the Q1 area. In the case of walking, the risk of depression decreased to 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59-0.60), and when there was no trust between neighbors, the risk of depression increased significantly to 1.76 (95% CI: 1.75-1.78). Conclusions: This study suggests that the risk of depression may increase in the elderly living in areas with high PM2.5. Therefore, it is considered that there will be a need for education for the elderly to prevent PM2.5 and health programs to improve physical activity and social relations.