Neo-paganism is a religious trend that emphasized national identity and tried to restore pagan traditions and rituals through return to ancient times. Among the various flows of neo-paganism that flowed into the Soviet Union during the period of Perestroika and Glasnost, Slavic neo-paganism or rodnoverie, which sought to revive the community of East Slavs and the mythical tradition before the acceptance of Christianity, had the greatest influence on Russian society. Rodnoverie, which rejected Christianity and emphasized their superiority over Orthodox, has expanded its power by establishing close relations with far-right political powers amidst the nationalist trend during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Rodnoverie, which has deep roots in Russian society, from political organizations and state institutions to the lives and daily life of Russian masses, can be said to be a unique cultural phenomenon of modern Russia that cannot be explained only by the double belief (dvoeverie). Therefore, in this paper, I look at the formation and development process of rodnoverie in the modern interpretation and transformation of East Slavic mythology, and examine the origin and politicization of rodnoverie's nationalism, and its cultural significance in modern Russian society.