본 연구는 한국에서 통화정책의 캐시플로우 경로를 분석한다. 이를 위해 정책금리 변화에 따른 여신금리와 수신금리의 변화, 이에 따른 이자수지 변화의 방향과 크기, 그리고 지급이자 및 수취이자에 대한 소비지출의 민감도를 ARDL 공적분모형, 자금순환표와 가계금융·복지조사 자료를 활용한 패널 회귀모형을 통해 추정한다. 분석 결과 정책금리의 인상에 대해서는 수신금리보다 여신금리가 더 반응하고 인하에 대해서는 반대로 나타났다. 정책금리의 인상과 인하 양경우 모두 가계의 이자수지를 축소하는 방향으로 작용하였다. 차입가구의 금리민감 캐시플로우에 대한 소비지출 탄력성은 저축가구에 비해 높게 나타났다. 종합적으로 정책금리 인상과 인하 모두 캐시플로우 경로만을 볼 때 소비지출을 줄이는 방향으로 작동하였다. 다만 차입가구 캐시플로우 경로와 저축가구 캐시플로우 경로가 서로 상쇄되면서 종합적으로 그 강도는 약한 것으로 나타났다.

Changes in interest rates can affect household consumption expenditures through a variety of channels, including substitution effects, wealth effects, credit channel, cash flow channel, and aggregate demand channel. Most of these channels act to increase consumption expenditures when interest rates fall. But the direction of consumption change via cash flow channel is uncertain. This is because a decrease in interest rates leads to a decrease in interest payments, but also a decrease in interest receipts, and the sensitivities of consumption expenditures to interest payments and interest receipts are not the same. This study analyzes empirically the cash flow channel of monetary policy in Korea. To this end, we estimate first the change in lending rates and deposit rates and interests balance following the change in the policy rate. The ARDL cointegration model is used to analyse the asymmetric movement of bank lending and deposit rates to the change in the policy rate. The sensitivities of consumption expenditure on interest payments and receipts are estimated based on the panel regression model using the data collected from the Household Finance and Welfare Survey. The main results are as follows: the lending rates responded more to the policy rate increase than the deposit rates, and inversely to the policy rate cut. Both policy rate hikes and cuts acted to reduce household interest balances. The elasticity of consumption expenditure to interest-sensitive cash flows for borrowing households was higher compared to saving households. Overall, both policy rate hikes and cuts acted to reduce consumption expenditure when looking only at the cash flow channel. However, as the borrower cash flow channel and the saver cash flow channel canceled each other, its overall strength was weak.