This study aims to explore Acmeism, a major literary trend in Russian modernism, in George Balanchine’s Jewels. To investigate the characteristics of Acmeism in Jewels, I begin by providing a historical overview of Russian modernism and the Acmeism movement so as to understand Russian culture in the early twentieth century. Second, I explore the artistic and cultural trends of St. Petersburg where Acmeism flourished and where Balanchine was born. Third, in order to identify the relationship between Acmeism and Balanchine’s choreographic styles and principles in Jewels, I examine the ballet performance from two perspectives: from a “yearning for cosmopolitan culture” and an “architectural mode of dealing with materials.” Research results reveal how Balanchine’s artistic vision and ideology are profoundly associated with Acmeism and Russian culture. Consequently, this study suggests another way of understanding the root of Balanchine’s neoclassic and abstract style of choreography, which he completed in the West.