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『동화 토지』에 드러난 『토지』 스토리텔링의 특징
The Study of Children’s Story ‘Toji’
김예니 ( Kim Yae Ni )
人文科學硏究 41권 121-148(28pages)
DOI 10.24185/SSWUHR.2020.02.41.121
UCI I410-ECN-0102-2021-000-000410946

『동화 토지』는 원작을 축약하고 구성을 단순화하여 어린이 독자들의 이해를 돕는데 주력하고 있다. 이는 윤보 목수와 같은 인물 자체를 생략하는 방법이라거나 하인들이나 마을 사람들의 몇몇 에피소드들을 축약하는 방식으로 나타난다. 더불어 이야기의 선후를 조정하거나 원작의 목차와 달리 곳곳에 퍼져있던 한 인물의 이야기를 모아 서술하는 방식으로 어린이 독자들의 집중력과 기억력에 맞춰 이야기의 구성을 단순화했다. 그런데 축약과 생략의 서사전략은 분량의 축소와 단순화에 머물지 않고 이야기의 강조점을 바꿔놓는 효과를 낳는다. 인물의 생략은 서술된 인물들의 강조를 낳는 효과를 불러일으키고, 축약이 이루어진 화소가 생기면 필연적으로 선별되어 강조된 화소가 생긴다. 주목할 것은 원작 속 어린 캐릭터에 대한 강조라 할 것이다. 엄마 잃은 서희의 슬픔이라거나 길상이의 사춘기, 그리고 살인죄인의 자식으로 힘든 시절을 보내지만 착한 심성으로 어려움을 이겨내는 한복이는 중요하게 강조되어 서술되고 있다. 이는 『동화 토지』가 어린이 독자에게 전달하는 주제와 연결된다. 그리고 『동화 토지』의 특징으로 삽화를 들 수 있는데 『동화 토지』의 삽화들은 당대의 풍속사를 반영하고 있다. 두 명의 작가가 삽화를 그렸지만 전반적으로 동양적 색채와 형상으로 삽화를 그렸고 조선말기와 식민지 시대 우리나라의 풍경과 정서, 풍속을 시각화하여 작품에 대한 사전지식과 정보를 전달하고, 정서를 이해하는데 큰 역할을 수행한다. 연구자들에 의해 스토리텔링된 『동화 토지』는 『토지』가 전하고자 하는 세계관을 어린이 독자들을 고려하여 완성도 있게 전하고 있다는 점에서 의미 있는 작품이라 할 것이다. 원작을 어린이용으로 개작할 때 고려해야할 것이 있다면 바로 어린이 독자에 대한 선입견이나 예단을 버리고 교육에 대한 강박에서 벗어나는 것이다. 『동화 토지』는 원작의 완성도가 얼마나 커다란 구심력으로 작동하고 있는지 보여주는 사례라 할 것이다.

Novel ‘Toji’ is used by various storytelling styles such as a movie, TV drama and cartoon, and the research of those styles had been progressed. There is a same storytelling style that has a different target reader like for children or for teens, however, the research of novel ‘Toji’ for different target reader is not been tried. This study has a purpose not only to explore how to reorganize children’s story ‘Toji’, but also to seek for a meaning of children’s story ‘Toji’ as a children’s literature. First of all, children’s story ‘Toji’ focuses on helping younger readers to understand by summarization of original story and simplification of the structure. In the original story, a lot of characters have unique and vivid characteristics, and their relationships create a complex structure. Mature readers might feel difficult to understand these structures and characteristics. It should be resolved for rewriting for children. Children’s story ‘Toji’ has a narrative strategies of omission and summarization, for example, it omits character ‘Yoon-Bo Mok-Su’ and summarizes some episodes about servants and villagers. These strategies are considered for abilities of children’s concentration and memory. Moreover, the structure of story becomes simple by reorganizing order of stories and characters. The narrative principle of omission and summarization of children’s story’Toji’ is considered for children’s reading comprehension by using simple structure and reducing amount of story. The omission of character causes the effect of emphasizing characters who are narrated, however, summarization of story also causes the stress of a part of story necessarily. For instance, ‘Yoon-Bo Mok-Su’ is omitted, but ‘Tto-Chul-ne’ is described in detail, and the story of betrayed servant ‘Sam-Su’ is summarized, but the story of ‘Han-Bok’ is stressed. Especially, emphasis of children characters is distinct. Sadness of ‘Seo-Hee’ who lost her mother, adolescence of ‘Gil-Sang’ and ‘Han-Bok’ who overcomes a sense of guilty are described with emphasis. This is for expression of love and insight about human from author Park Kyung-Ri through emphasis of characters who the author wants to stress for childern. Childern’s stoy ‘Toji’ has one or two illustrations for each episode, so one book has more than fifteen illustrations. Illustrations of childern’s story ‘Toji’ reflects historical customs like costumes, figures of house, sights of town and seasonal customs. Also pictures describe the feeling of episode by character’s face or action. There are different illustrators for each episode, but they draw pictures in oriental colors and style in general. It offers prior knowledge and information of the story by visualization of emotions and customs at the end of Joseon Dynasty and the Japanese colonial period. Revisal of original story for children can be the process of becoming masterpiece. The process of republication for children and teens or capture for textbook can be the process of becoming representative of the era. The most important thing of this process is to deliver the theme of story without distortion in changes of structure of the story. Children’s story ‘Toji’ contributes to improve understanding of various characteristics and values of human lives through characters who live the era of fluctuation. Also readers can build up their understanding and thoughts of history with characters in the story. This story is too long, so it is edited like one book has one story, and connecting a series of each book. This is a general method for children’s story. Children’s story ‘Toji’ by researchers is meaningful because it delivers the theme of original story to younger readers with high quality. It should be considered to overcome obsession of education and prejudice against children when the original story adopts for children. The important thing is children’s story ‘toji’ has aesthetic and literary value as a children’s literature. Children’s story ‘Toji’ is an example that the quality of original story influences the quality of revisal.

1. 『토지』 스토리텔링의 다양한 변주
2. 어린이 독자를 위한 이야기의 재구성
3. 어린이용 도서로의 변용이 갖는 의미
4. 마치며
참고문헌
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