Introduction: Lung cancer in never-smokers is regarded as a distinct disease entity with female predominance. We compared the environmental factors of female patients who never smoked cigarettes between non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: The observational study was conducted from August 2017 to May 2019 at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital. After inform consented, a simplified questionnaire based on demographic data, second-hand smoking, residential environment, kitchen environment, disease state and life style. Never-smokers are defined as those patients who report having smoked £ 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. Results: Among 178 patients of female never-smoker, 162 (91%) cases were NSCLC (156 adenocarcinoma and 6 squamous cell carcinoma) and only 16 (9%) cases were SCLC. There was no significant difference between NSCLC and SCLC groups according to demographics, second-hand smoking, residential and kitchen environment. There was no difference in comorbidity, family cancer history or life style. Conclusion: Nine percent of female never-smokers had SCLC. Because we did not find significant risk factors that could distinguish SCLC from NSCLC, further study is warranted for environmental air pollutants and genetic mutation analysis.