절식요법을 병행한 8주 Training 후 기간을 달리한 Detraining과 Retraining이 비만청소년의 체성분, 혈중지질 및 호르몬반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 서울에 소재한 C중학교 비만남자중학생(체지방율 30% 이상)20명을 대상으로 세 그룹(그룹Ⅰ, 그룹Ⅱ, 그룹Ⅲ)으로 나누어 총 20주간 실험을 실시하였다. 20명의 피험자들은 8주 Training 후 4주 Detraining 및 8주 Retraining을 실시한 6명(그룹Ⅰ), 8주 Training 후 8주 Detraining 및 4주 Retraining을 실시한 7명(그룹Ⅱ), 운동이나 식이조절을 하지 않은 통제그룹 7명(그룹Ⅲ) 등으로 구분하였다. Training과 Retraining 프로그램은 절식요법(2,000kcal/day)을 병행한 수영을 실시하였으며, 수영의 운동강도는 최대 심박수의 60~80%(130~160회/분), 운동시간은 1회 60분, 운동빈도는 주당 3회로 하였다. 수영을 통한 칼로리 소모량은 주당 정도 되도록 하였으며 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. Training 후 변화에서 체성분 변인 중 FM온 처치 전에 비해 4주 및 8주 Training 후에 유의한 감소를 나타내었고 WHR은 처치 전에 비해 4주 및 8주 Training 후에 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며, 혈중지질 변인 중 TG는 처치 전에 비해 4주 및 8주 Training 후에 유의한 감소를 나타내었고, HDL-C은 처치 전에 비해 4주 Training 후에 유의한 증가를 나타내었으며, LDL-C은 처치 전에 비해 8주 Training 후에 유의한 증가가 나타났다. detraining 후 변화에서 FFM은 S주 Detraining 후 유의한 감소를 나타내었고 SLM도 8주 Detraining 후 유의한 증가를 나타내었고, TG도 4주와 8주 Detraining 후 각각 유의한 증가를 나타내었고 Leptin도 4주 Detraining 후 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. retraining 후 변화에서 TC은 8주 Retraining 후 유의한 감소를 나타내었고 TG도 4주와 8주 Retraining 후 유의한 감소를 나타내었고, Leptin은 4주 와 8주 Retraining 후 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 이상과 같은 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 절식요법을 병행한 수영 프로그램은 8주 Training 후 체성분(FH, WHR)과 혈중지질(TG)에 긍정적 영향을 주었으며, Detraining(4~8주)은 FFM, SLM, TG와 Leptin에 부정적인 영향을 주었고, Retraining(4~8주)은 TC, TG와 Leptin에 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 즉, 4주 Detraining까지는 체성분 변인이 가장 영향을 적게 받았고 Retraining은 혈중지질(TG)과 호르몬(Leptin)에 영향을 주었다.
그러므로 비만청소년의 체중(체지방)감량과 체질 개선을 위해서는 반드시 적절한 식이조절과 더불어 꾸준한 유산소운동을 병행해야 하며, Training 효과를 지속시키고 더욱 활성화시키기 위해서는 Detraining기간을 줄이고 Retraining을 빨리 시작하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.
The purpose of this study is to investigate an effect of detraining and retraining on body composition, blood lipids and hormonal response of obese adolescents after a 8 weeks of training (in parallel) with caloric restriction. For this study, 20 obese male-students of middle school in Seoul were chosen as subjects. These subjects were divided into three groups and they took part in a twenty-week experiment. The subjects were separated into three types of groups. One group consisted of 6 members with a 4 weeks of detraining and 8 weeks of retraining after a 8 weeks of training. Another group of 7 members with a 8 weeks of detraining and a 4 weeks of retraining after a 8 weeks of training. The control group had 7 members without any exercises and any caloric restriction.
In training and retraining program, caloric restriction(2,000kcaI/day) and swimming training was practiced simultaneously. In swimming training, the intensity was respectively at 60-80% HRmax (130~160 beat/min), The length was 60 min/day, the frequency was 3times/week. The quantity of caloric exhaustion in swimming training was planned to be over 1,800kcal/week.
The experimental results from these courses are the following.
1) The effect of training
As a result of a 8 weeks of training, this study drew the following conclusion FM of body composition variables showed a meaningful decrease in 4 weeks and 8 weeks comparing to the previous measurement. WHR showed a meaningful decrease in 4 weeks and 8 weeks comparing to the previous measurement. TG of blood lipids variables showed a meaningful decrease in 4 weeks and 8 weeks comparing to the previous measurement. HDL-C showed a meaningful increase in 4 weeks and 8 weeks comparing to the previous measuremesnt. Like this； a 8 weeks of training had an effect on body composition and blood lipids.
2) Changes in detraining
This study drew the following conclusion after a 4·8 weeks of detraining. FFM showed a meaningful decrease after a 8 weeks of detraining, SLM showed a meaningful increase after a 8 weeks of detraining TG showed a meaningful increase each after 4·8 weeks of detraining, Leptin showed a meaningful increase after a 4 weeks of detraining, like this, more and more the period of detraining is long, detraining had a great effect on body composition, blood lipids, hormones variables , but it didn't show a negative influence on them directly resulting from the previous training effect In the other hand, FFM, TG and Leptin showed a sensitive response in a negative way in a 4(8) weeks of detraining.
3) The effect of retraining
This study drew the following conclusion as a result of a 4 · 8 weeks of retraining TC showed a meaningful decrease after a 8 weeks of retraining, TG showed a meaningful decrease after a 4 · 8 weeks of retraining. Leptin showed a meaningful decrease after a 4 · 8 weeks of retraining. Like this, retraining had a great effect on blood lipids and hormones variables and it took over 8 weeks for retraining to bring on meaningful changes. TC, TG and Leptin showed a sensitive response and the most active response in the positive way.
Synthesizing all the results, swimming training program with a caloric restriction had a positive effect on body composition(FM, WHR) and blood lipids(TG) after 8 weeks of training. Detraining had an effect on FFM, SLM, TG and Leptin. Retraining had an effect on TC TG and Leptin In other words, body composition variable was under the fewest influence until 4 weeks of training. Retraining had an effect on TG and Leptin. Therefore, to reduce body fat of obese adolescents and to improve their physical constitution, a proper dietetic treatment and continuous aerobic exercises must be practiced simultaneously. Furthermore, In order to maximize the effect of training, it will be better to shorten the period of detraining and to begin retraining quickly.
