Objective: Vitamin D role is classically associated with minerals metabolism and bone health. The objective of this study was to compare serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in overweight/obese individuals with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to determine strength of association between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels with MetS.
Methods: One hundred and thirty seven overweight/ obese subjects (85 female and 52 male) were enrolled in the study, subjects were categorized as metabolic syndrome (n = 79) and without metabolic syndrome (n = 58) as per International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Vitamin D status was categorized as deficient if 25(OH) vitamin D levels were < 20 ng/mL and insufficient if ≥ 20 - <30 ng/mL. Anthropometric parameters, complete lipid profile, blood glucose, serum 25(OH) D, insulin and blood pressure were assessed. Student’s‘t’ test and Chi-square test were used. Spearman correlation analysis and odds ratio were computed.
Results: The mean age of subjects was 34.05yrs while mean BMI was 31.42 kg/㎡. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly high in MetS subjects (86.1%) as compared to subjects without MetS (72%) (P = 0.04). There was significant difference in HOMA IR values between subjects with MetS and without MetS (P = 0.02). Odds of MetS among vitamin D deficient subjects was 2.35 (0.99-5.51) times more as compare to the subjects who were vitamin D insufficient (P = 0.05). A negative correlation was found between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and body mass index (r = -0.208, P = 0.014).
Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that vitamin D deficiency was more common in overweight/obese subjects with MetS as compared to subjects without MetS. Reduced 25(OH) vitamin D levels were associated with an increased risk or having MetS.