Offspring of mothers with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) or gestational DM (GDM) have an increased risk of childhood obesity. GDM is also associated with an increased maternal risk of type 2 DM. What is not known is the risk of childhood obesity and metabolic disorders or maternal disorders of glucose metabolism along the continuum of maternal glucose to levels diagnostic of DM. The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO), conducted in 2000, examined 23,316 mother-child pairs, and researchers determined that a mother’s hyperglycemia was linked to newborn birth weight and body fat. The HAPO Follow-up Study was designed to recruit from the cohort of women and their offspring who participated in the HAPO Study to address that hyperglycemia in pregnancy, less severe than overt diabetes, is independently associated with increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Its General Aim is to obtain measures of adiposity, glucose, insulin sensitivity and secretion, lipids, inflammation and blood pressure (BP) in 7,000 HAPO mother-offspring (aged 8-12) pairs of multiple ethnic/race groups in 10 of the 15 HAPO field centers. I will introduce the recent published data on the follow-up study (HAPO FUS).