Objective: CD36 is a membrane receptor, which expressed on the surface of a wide variety of cell types including adipocytes, skeletal muscle cells, platelets, endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages. Some previous reports demonstrated that polymorphism of CD36 gene is associated to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary artery disease. We evaluated the association between CD36 polymorphism and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in Korean patient with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: A total of 945 patients with T2DM who treated in the Chungbuk National University Hospital were included. TaqMan probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the CD36 gene polymorphism; genotyping results were presented GG, AG, or AA. Subgroup analysis was performed according to duration of T2DM and gender. Results: There was no significant differences the baseline characteristics of the study population according to genotypes. The mean age and body mass index were 61.3 ± 12.7 [19~91] years and 25.7 ± 3.8 [15.8~41.1] kg/m2, respectively. The mean duration of T2DM 10.5 ± 7.9 years and 55.2% were men. The GG genotype showed lower prevalence of CVD than AG or AA genotypes in male patients with duration of T2DM less than 10 years (4.8% vs. 18.0%, P = 0.001). In subgroup of male patients with duration of T2DM longer than 10 years, prevalence of CVD was not significantly different according to genotypes (15.7% vs. 16.0%, P = 0.946). Among female patients, we could not find any differences for prevalence of CVD according to genotypes. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that polymorphism in CD36 gene is associated with CVD in Korean patients with T2DM, especially in male with relatively short duration of disease. Studies in large population with various parameters related CVD is needed to validate our findings.